DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE IN CASSAVA BY ALKALINE TITRATION

DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE IN CASSAVA BY ALKALINE TITRATION ABSTRACT The hydrogen cyanide content of cassava (Manihort utilissima) tubers were determined in their fresh and dried forms. The amount of hydrogen cyanide found in their fresh state in mg/kg was 42.95, 40.21, 24. 34 and 27.70 respectively while the amount found in the dried form in mg/kg was 37.55, 30.56, 20.34 and 19.69 respectively. Statistical analysis of variance mean values of hydrogen cyanide content of the tubers indicates no significant difference between the fresh and dried forms of the tubers. The study showed that the cassava tubers have high content of hydrogen cyanide compared to the WHO safe limit of consumption which is 10mg/kg. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Hydrogen cyanide is a colourless gas with a faint bitter, almond odour having the molecular formular HCN and readily soluble in water. Its solution in water is known as hydrocyanic or prussic acid. Its other name is formonitrile. Salts of HCN are called cyanides. Hydrogen cyanide is a poisonous substance and it is often regarded as an anti nutritional factor (ATSDTR, 2000). Cassava root, a dietary staple food grown in many tropical regions in Africa, contains cyanogenic glycosides such as linamarin, which release hydrogen cyanide when metabolized endogenously. (Jantz et al, 2000). People who eat food that contain low level of cyanide for a long time develop damages to their central nervous system (CNS)and the thyroid gland .long time ingestion of food containing cyanide can lead to deafness, vision problems and loss of muscle coordination. The effect of cyanide on the thyroid gland (Kamalu, 2004). Also, it has been discovered that consumption of food substances containing hydrogen cyanide may cause death with in few hours. The recommended safe limit of ctyanide for human consumption is 10mg/kg body weight (Coursey, 1997). 1.1 JUSTIFICATIONN OF THE STUDY The safe limit of hydrogen cyanide according to the world health organization (WHO) is 10kg/kg bodyweight. In year 2000, Nigeria’s average yield of cassava per hectare was 10.6 tonnes and produced approximately 45 million tones which is almost 19% of the production in the word making it the world’s largest producer of cassava. These cassavas need to be processed appropriately so as to remove the hydrogen cyanide content in them so that they can be safe for consumption. This project therefore is based on evaluating the hydrogen cyanide level in different varieties of cassava that we consume. AIM AND OBJECTIVES The aim and objectives of this project work are; To obtain sample of cassava roots from different farms in Kaduna town. To have the cassava plants whose roots have been obtained identified by a botanist. To process the cassava root samples in preparation for analysis of their hydrogen cyanide content. To process the cassava root samples by alkaline titration method in order to find the hydrogen cyanide content in each sample. To compare the hydrogen cyanide content of the different cassava samples.
Location: Kaduna, Nigeria

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