EFFECTIVENESS
AND THE EFFICIENCY OF INFORMATION BROADCASTING SYSTEM.
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
The introduction of computer into news
has been of advantage to numerous individual and groups. Often efforts along
the line consists of a separate cause on which coding or programming is
introduced or a more general introduction to computer is presented. From a
logical view, it appears that computer should be studied intensively in other
to develop and design application software to promote media process. Computer
is considered as a sophisticated, significant management tool for analyzing and
interpreting web news feeds and data for accurate and timely broadcasting of
information.
Web news is a data format used for
providing users with frequently updated content. Content distributed syndicate
a new feed there by allowing users to subscribes to it. Making a collection
newsfeed or web feed accessible in one spot is known as Aggregation, which is
performed by internet aggregator. In a typical scenario using web feed a
content provider publishes a feed link on their site which end users can
register with an aggregator program (also called feed reader or news reader).
Running on their machine; doing this is
usually as simple as dragging a link from the web browser to the aggregator.
When instructed, the aggregator as all the servers in its feed list of they
have new content, if so the aggregator either makes a note new content or
downloads it.
This project will analyze and examine
how students has actually utilize this technology to spread information within
and outside the institution, haven explained online web news update service and
how information can be accessed by end users.
1.1
BRIEF
HISTORY OF THE CASE STUDY
Computer science department was
established during 1999/2002 session and was just running only certificate in
computer science programme. Then in 2006 the leadership of the department
changed by appointed Ahmed Lawal as head of department, by 2008 he proceed to
study in India than Mr. John Isaiah was appointed as the acting head of
department in September, 2008. Therefore, by 2009 Shamsuddeen S.M was appointed
as head of department until 2013, by 2012 the new school was created which
includes computer science, mathematics and statistics and office technology and
communication technology (SICT). Where the head of department of computer
science Shamsuddeen S.M was appointed as director for the school and also
higher national diploma (HND) was mounted during Engr. Ahmed .A. Lugard (rector) and Shamsuddeen was
relief and appointed Engr. Rechard .O. Chukwu as head of department until
September 2013, where Ahmed Lawal was appointed as head of department and ICT
manager until September 2015 where present head of department in person of
Shamsuddeen .S.M appointed till date, the department move from it temporary
site to its complex build by Engr. Ahmed .A. Lugard in 2016. Then in 2018 Engr.
Richard .O. Chukwu was appointed as head of department till date (September, 12
2018).
The department has more than twenty-five
(25) staffs both academic and non-academic staffs and student are almost five
hundred (500) enrolling national diploma (ND) and higher national diploma (HND)
program.
ORGANIZATION
FLOWCHART
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1.2
PREVIOUS
WORK
Many authors have discussed on the
subject matter in various journals textbooks, online publication and in design implementation
of online web news update. A project research work was conducted by according
to (Smith 2007) news media defined as a media outlet that provides political
news coverage in print television fermate including online and print newspaper.
News media has envolved overtime to include newspaper, radio, television (TV)
and the internet. This overwhelming majority of Americans (92%) use multiple
platforms to get news on typical day including national TV, local TV, the
internet, local newspaper, radio and national newspaper (“participating news
consume”. 2010). News media to news accessed via the internet.
1.3
PROBLEM
STATEMENT
Large scale web syndication of content
started in 2001 when mini clip freely syndicated online browser-based
interactive gaves to the masses.
Today many different types of contents
one syndicated on the internet millions of online publishers including
newspapers, commercial websites, blogs and school now publish their latest news
headlines, products, offers or blogs posting in standard format newsfeed
update.
In addition to freely distributed
materials, some broadcaster and other use similar methods for the controlled
placement of proprietary content on multiple partnering internet destinations.
In addition to web feed, such commercial syndicators and school may use other
method to distribute their content such as associated press and rectors.
Some commercial web syndication borrow
its business models from syndication in other media as part, radio and
television. Priority syndication arouse in those their media so that content
creators could reach a wider audience.
Four
problems that this research work intend to solve include:
i.
Improper dissemination of information.
ii.
Unavailability of information to the
staff and student of the institution.
iii.
Lack news update database in the
institution.
iv.
Difficulty in research of history and
previous event.
1.4
AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The specific objectives of this research
work are as follows:
i.
To show department news can easily be
put on the website instantly.
ii.
To create an opportunity for student
information on websites for their views on departmental matter.
iii.
It is widely dispersed that is one a
news item is put on the internet it becomes instantly available for consumption
to every student.
iv.
Student can interact with each other and
read comments to use reaction and possibly understand more.
1.5
SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study is to students of
computer science department, considering the effectiveness and the efficiency
of information broadcasting system. The problem and activities of the online
web news procedure and processing at present will be highlighted. It will also
be knowing that the area a work and information covered in those work be mainly
on consideration. Therefore all implementation will be based on online news
research also has a limited time within which to carry out the research work.
1.6
LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
i.
Financial
Constraints: one of the major limitation of the
study is that, the research have limited financial power to implement the
project.
ii.
Unwillingness
of the staff and a personals of case: The personals of the
case are not willing to release some reformed information to the research,
iii.
Time
Constraints: Onlining the activities, the research
have limited time to carry out the project.
1.7
GLOSSARY
i.
Web
freed: Is a data formate used for providing use is with
frequently updated content.
ii.
News
media: The elements of the mass media that factors on
delivering news to the general public or a target public.
iii.
Journalism:
Is defined as the professional selection of actual news fact to an audience by
means of technological distribution method.
iv.
Syndication:
A chain or collection that distributes
features to multiple new reader process for reading and posting to newsgroup.
v.
Newsgroup:
Is a discussion about a particular subject consisting of notes written to a
central internet site and redistributed through use net.
vi.
Blog:
A website that allow users to share opinions and discuss various topics in the
form of an online journal while readers may comment on a post.
vii.
Blogger:
Is a blog publishing service that private or mult-user blogs with time stamped
entires.
viii.
Social
networking sites: Are sites that focus on facilitating
the building a social networks or social relations among people.
CHAPTER
TWO
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
An online web news with regard to
computer technology and telecommunication indicates a state of connectivity and
as an activity or service which is available on or of performed using the
internet other computer network where packages of information about new happenings are been posted or
update through the internet. In this chapter it consists of various author of
different books and research work are been cited on how news are collected and
compiled.
NEWS
MEDIA AND NEWS SITE
News media are those elements of the
mass media that flows on delivering news to the general public or a target public.
These include print media (newspaper, news magazines), broadcast (radio and
television) and more recently the internet (online newspaper, news blogs).
According to (Smith 2007) news media is defined as a media outlet that provides
political news coverage in print or television format including online and
print newspaper. News media has evolved overtime to include newspaper radio,
television (TV) and the internet. The overwhelming majority of Americans (92%)
use multiple platforms to get news on a typical day including national TV,
local TV, the internet, local newspapers, radio and national new accessed via
the internet.
News items is defined as information on
a certain action or event containing also, as a rule, a piece of information on
the view point of the main participants in the event, the news refers to more
assumptions are not allowed to be presented as news items (participating news
Consumers 2010).
Changes
in the New Concept
The well-known writer Toffler (2000)
helped to popularize the concept of information society in his book information
communication analyses; Toffler suggested that there has been a shift from an
agricultural society to an industrial society and most recently, to an
information society. To strengthen his argument, Toffler went to explain that
the popularize civilization, which the media reflects and intensifies brings
with it an enormous jump in the amount of information we will exchange with one
another. And it is this increase that we are becoming an “information society”
the term information society describes growing of society trading industrial
products and good is no longer priority, instead knowledge and information is
transported in bits bytes around the globe on the information superhighway.
As computers have increasingly played a
more significant role in society, discussion about the possibilities and risks
of new information technologies have becomes more common. Never before have so
many people been able to generate, store, transmit and retrieve so much information
in so many different forms. An Treuor (2002) Pointe out so many news
communications technologies and services have appeared in recent years,
satellites and fiber options to carry telephony and data, video cassette
recorders, pay or subscription television multimedia and online services,
intelligent and interactive networks as electronic superhighways, the internet
with its world wide web, (Trello, 2002). In essence, it is technical
development such as high capacity information networks, the internet, the world
wide web (www). In line with the development, “multimedia” and “news media” are
now in common usage. However, there is a sense in which the use of these new
terms is problematic. Multimedia for example, appears to be simply a new and
potentially highly efficient mean of repackaging and distributing existing
media such as radically new media from with fundamentally different creative
and narrative demands from the previous media, multimedia is an opportunity for
exploitation by existing media (Trellor, 2002).
Journalism
and News Gathering
According to (Sanders, 1999), journalism
defined as the professional selection of actual news facts to an audience by
means of technological distribution methods. Journalism has undergone a number
of significant changes in recent years. Indeed, according to Accord to (Paulik,
1997); journalism is now going through its most fundamental transformation
since the rise of the penny press of the mid-nineteenth century. Furthermore,
(Paulik, 1997), proposed that “content is becoming much more fluid than in the
past, a story was typically published by a newspaper and then perhaps the next
day. Today, news is in constant of flux and updates are made continuously.
In the twenty-first century, a new form
of journalism is emerging where by the distinguishing qualities of ubiquitous
news, global information access; multimedia content and extreme content
customarization are paramount. Although may of these aspects can be linked
directly to the development of the internet, the reason for this information of
journalism is neither simple nor one dimensional. Rather a set of economic
regulatory and cultural forces driven by
the technological changes, are converging to bring about a significant shift in
the nature of journalism.
While journalism is the most important
textural system in the world, has traditionally been almost a conspiracy of
silence by journalist about themselves and their news gathering method. Any
journalist, whether covering hard or soft news, needs to gather information in
preparation for writing. All writers have to conduct research and gather
information before they can start writing. A journalist uses three (3) main
tools to collect information for stories:
1.
Interviews
2.
Observation
3.
Background Research
Gathering
information expanding on those three, here are typically ways to collect
information for a news story.
1. Interviewing
i.
Interviewing knowledgeable people such
as exports, witness, officers, mangers, leaders, politicians, office holders,
social scientists.
ii.
Corresponding by email and letters.
2.
Observation
i.
Observing events
ii.
Attending speeches, lectures and public
address
iii.
Conducting experiment and tests
3.
Research
i.
Searching the internet: general search
engines, academic search engines, web homepages, web articles , web journals,
web archives and email discussion groups.
b.
Searching the Library
i. Electronic
library catalog, general books, scholarly books and journals reference books,
periodicals, bibliographies and websites.
ii. Inspecting
government documents
iii. Reading
personal papers
iv. Viewing
audiovisual materials
v.
Surveying with questionnaires
Responsibility and Integrity of
Journalism
Quality
journalism began squeeze out at the end of the 19th century. As the
market became saturated with sensational, people felt the need for a more
responsible media, one could trust for information and not just use for
entertainment, but for as it became relatively unprofitable and move to the
background of online practice.
Journalism
is often depicted as “watchings” or “advocates”. Both meterphors imply that
journalist should operate on behalf of the public provides it with information
necessary for democratic decision making, defend society from corruption and
deal with issues that the publics cares about, similarly, journalistic
discourse the relationship between journalists and their audiences. As a
typical journalist code of ethics declares; the public’s right to know about
matters of importance paramount. The newspaper has a special responsibility
(associates press managing editors, 2004). Corresponding, when journalist are
asked about the factors that determine their professional satisfaction, they
emphasizes the importance of knowing that they are helping people and serving
the public interest (Weave, 1999). Beyond these examples, various competing
models of journalistic practice could be conceptualized through their
interpretation of the public interest theme. The objective-neural model
positions journalist as emissaries of the public due to their skill and
training. Public journalism’s criticism of the prevailing models of
journalistic practice focuses on the gap between the public interest
perceptions of professional journalist and those of the public itself (Rosen
1991). That the development of the blog signaled the coming of the citizen
journalist who gathers information from traditional resources and the offers
remark.
News group Bloggers and Sites
A
newsgroup is a discussion about a particular subject consisting of notes
written to a central internet site and redistributed through Usenet, discussion
worldwide network of news discussion groups. Usenet uses the network news
transfer protocol (NNTP).
Newsgroups
are organized into subject hierarchies, with the first few letters of the
newsgroup name indicating the major subject category and sub-category represented
by a subtopic name. Users can post to existing new groups, respond to previous
post and create new newsgroups. New comes to newsgroup are request to learn
basic usenet netiquette and to get familiar with newsgroup before posting to it
(Dashe and Danlop, 2003).
Blogger:
is a blog publishing service that allows private or multi-users blogs with time
stamped entries. It was created by the Pyra labs, which was bought by
Google in 2003. Generally, the blogs are
hosted by Google at a sub domain of blog spot. Com, up until may 1, 2010
bloggers allowed users to publish blogs on other hosts, via FTP.HI such blog had (or
still have) to be moved to Google’s own services, with domains other the
blogspot. Com allowed via custom URLs. Blogs exhibits community structure and
temporal dynamic aspect which makes them a richer domain of study than static web pages (Dash and Danlop 2004).
Earlier
work has found surprising patterns in blog dynamics; they are unexpected power
laws in the popularity of blogs and the distribution of blog sites and self –
similar (and busty) patterns in the blog activities.
Social Networking Sites and News
Group
Social
networking sites are site that focus on facilitating the building of social
networks or social relations among people who for example, share interests,
activities, backgrounds or real life connections. A social network sites
consists of a representation of each user (often a profile), his/her social
links and a variety of additional service. Most social network sites are web –
based and provide means for users to interact over the internet such as e –mail
and internet massaging. Social network sites, through in a broader sense,
social network services usually means an individual-centered services. Social
networking site allow user to share ideas, activities, events and interest
within their individual networks. Popular methods of networking sites now
combines of those with face book, twitter and Google widely use world wide.
Social network sites are also being used teachers as a communication tool
because many students are already using a wide range of social networking
sites, teachers have began to familiarize themselves with this trend in order
to leverage student interest in relation to curriculum content some of this
includes creating chat room forums and groups to extend lectures discussions to posting assignments, tests and quizzes.
The
news group are as separate interest service from web. To access a newsgroup,
you need to know the address of a news server to get the news from many e-mail
programs such as outlook express can also be used to read newsgroups and these
are news-reading programs as well new group message can be viewed by other
subscribers and usually stay up for extracted periods of time ( a few hours to
a few day to a few weeks, depending on the particular newsgroups).
Newsgroups
are often moderated and subject to stricter rules than char forms. Many
newsgroups provide FAQs (frequently asked questions), in order to acquaint new
comers with the rules and regulation and “netiquette” of a particular group.
Overview of the Existing System
The
existing system is a manual system of web news updates, where the department
post news on departmental notice board. And there is no probability that the
news will entail all the information of the student because it use to happen in
schools. In a situation whereby the staff is tired he or she could not place
the news on the right time. The system may be characterized by many comings
which are lost of document, due to lack of backup.
Adopting to the News Media
In
the last two decades it has been argued on several platforms, from academic
conferences to news media that the institutionalized journalism suffers from a
deep crisis. Some even go as far as declaring the death of traditional
journalism and there claims echo in the work of leading scholars in media
studies (Bamidele, 2004).
The
decline of circulation and advertising revenues for media institution
(Bamidele, 2004) or the general public distrust towards media are considered
symptoms of the crisis. These factor lead to massive journalist lay-offs in
many parts of the world. Beside the damaging effects of this crisis on the news
professionals and media organization, critical scholars also point out a wider
problem.
“democratic
deficits” (Agbo, 2007) 7 traditional media in general and journalism in
particular, they claim that journalism
as its is practiced today becomes an obstacle rather than an enable for
democracy. The evaluations that stem from the democratic deficit perspective
target different aspects of journalism. This decreasing quality of political
journalism is blamed on the commercialization and tabloidization of the news
contents (Agbo, 2002). In line with this, increasing levels of ownership
concentration as well as conglomeration are pointed to as aggravators of the
problem by “reducing” the range of issues” and voice covered by the media
(Anderson and Oluchi, 2007). Beside the structural constrains top down nature
of news media, professional norms such as objectivity and practices such as
over-dependence on elite source as well as issues related to gate keeping role
have been conceptualized as problematic aspects of journalism as they are
claimed to be excluding certain voices and thus reproducing and making the
existing inequalities of power in the society. All these critiques strongly
suggest a necessity for reform in journalism. Depending on the perceived causes
of the problems, the reform projects focus on the structures (Agbo, 2007).
Concept on Online News Gathering
and Reporting
Since
journalist first began to gather and report information sources centuries ago,
they have encountered a variety of obstacles for example in accurate and
incomplete information, unreliable sources, deceptive and misleading
information providers and others similar difficulties have caused both major and
minor problems in news reporting (Erkion, 2001). The value of sources of
reporters is also well documented. “The source is the reporter’s life blood.
Without access to information in through the source, the reporter cannot
function” wrote Columbia university newsgathering expert.
While
new technologies, as they develop help to overcome some of the obstacles, they
do not always seen to be the solution. They can sometimes add to existing
problems. However, journalist have used telephones, shot-wave radio, fax
machines and other new information gathering technologies to improve their work
and to resolve some of the difficulties of gathering information that have
emerge during the past century.
Technology-based
resources, for instance, helps increase speed and sometimes, the accuracy of
information being reported. Technologies of course have their shortcomings;
sources on the telephone for instance may not be who say they say they are
supposed o be.
Human
sources have been known to be unreliable to lie and even to engage in elaborate
hoaxes, with the latest information technology centered on the worldwide
network of computer systems known as the internet which has been an asset to
most journalist who have embraced it. Growing numbers of journalist uses the
world wide web as a reporting tool with considerable enthusiasm (Sigh, 2000).
News Feed Take to the Web
Mass
media representation, the firsthand accounts of bloggers and academic have
taken different perspectives on the blog as both modes of publishing online and
as a kind of communicative practice. The group of bloggers who first became
popular commonly referred to as the original weblog community stressed the ease
of blogging. Blogging from this group implied using the blog as a tool for
popularity of the blogs, members of the mainstream media envisioned the blog as
something specials something revolutionary. (Dash and Danlop, 2005) suggested.
2.1 MEANING OF COMPUTERIZATION
According to Business Dictionary of
computer (1993) “computerization can be defined as the computer application of
any activity formally carried out by hand, or without computer”. And also by
creating a place with computer facilities or automated procedures there by
converting a manual function into level that is performed by the computer
system.
According to Kelving James (1999)
computerization technology include feedback control, computer process control,
computer system planning and data collection and decision making to support
various activities. In order word computerization simply mean changing the
manual act of doing something into the digital process of doing the same thing
with help of computer and also computer programs or software Paulwall (2000).
According to vocabulary Dictionary
(2012) define computerization as the act of implementing the control of
equipment with advanced technology; usually involving electronic hardware.
Lastly, the term computerization means
the way of changing from manual operation to computer operation.
In this section, we will take a look at
the meaning of the concept “apartment management system” the will also take a
look at other concept that are aligned with management system.
The use of the computer as a tool in the
improvement of job efficiency and reliability cannot be over emphasized. The
computer machine can be define as an electronic device used for data input,
processing information storage and output formatting as the may be aligned with
the process of using the computer as the basic tool in developing an apartment
management system and also managing a system.
2.3 REASONS FOR COMPUTERIZATION
The reason for computerization cannot be
over emphasized the advantage is processes over the manual method are:
Computer being a highly complex
electronic device is capable of solving mathematical and logical data
processing problems with little or human intervention it can handle enormous
masse of data unimaginable speed and perform in micro – second calculations
that trained mathematician would take days to solve computer is used as an
information management system by providing accurate, promoted and quality
information, which help management in decision making in achieves their
organizational goals and objective. It keeps comprehensive records of financial
transaction and other operational activities involved in an organization.
REASON
FOR ONLINE SYSTEM
The following are the benefit of online
system:
i.
It enables organization to be part of
global villages is internet.
ii.
It enables organization accessible
around the world.
iii.
It improves organization communication.
iv.
It enhances organization efficiency and
productivity.
v.
It interlinks and interrelates.
2.4 BENEFIT OF COMPUTERIZATION
Accuracy:
With aid of computerization there is more accuracy and precision of
information.
Speed:
Information would be disseminated within a non-second the general public.
Update:
Non information can easily be updated with ease.
Automatic:
Computerization is highly automatic, once the program is leaded into computer
memory user’s instruction are executed with little or less human intervention
easy to regulate and monitor variable real-time information.
Security:
Computerization
provides high security level for data integrity and to prevent intrusion from
unauthorized person.
Larger
storage capacity: Computer has large capacities. This
storage is capable of storing billion of data item and such data are easily
accessible.
BENEFIT OF ONLINE SYSTEM
Quick
response to request: online system is the fastest and
quickest form of sending and receiving request. Information are sent
transmitted and delivered with shortest period of time.
Speed
and flexibility: With online systems, customers have the
freedom of choosing the service or merchandise among what is available and
knowing precisely what are getting. Since the reservation is made in real time,
the customer receives immediate assurance that what he wants is or is not
available. Also because customers conduct their own transactions and receive
confirmations. They are free to makes changes during or even after the process, with a minimum of
complicating factors.
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0
DATA/COLLECTION
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
The methods, techniques and tools that
were used to collect and analyze data in the design of the online web news
update for computer science students will be the primary focus of attention in
this chapter. The proposed system which will serve as a solution problem faced
using the current and manual mode of updating students will be properly
examined.
3.1 RE – STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ANALYSIS
The problems to be tackled in the
existing system earlier are restated as follow
i.
Lack of good medium of school
advertisement publication student and public.
ii.
Unavailability of detail information to
prospective student and general public.
iii.
Enormous gap between the polytechnic and
prospective student and general public.
iv.
Ineffective admission advertisement
publication to prospective student.
v.
Unavailability of detail information
publication online for prospective student.
3.2
CHOICE
OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
A programming languages is the computer
language the programmers. Users to develop programs. The programming language
used in this project is PHP (Personal Home Page), it is a language that can
used to perform complex manipulation and query information from various
databases such as MYSQL, and other advantages of PHP are:
i.
It is cross platform i.e it can run on
any operating system.
ii.
It is easy to write and debug.
iii.
It is easy to maintain.
iv.
It is the preferred choice for
developing interactive web sites.
3.3
RESEARCH
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Research designs are concerned with
turning the research question into a testing project. The design depends on
your research questions. Fury design has it positive and negative sides. The
research dealing with a least for problem, what question to study, what data,
what data to collect and how to analyze the result. Research design can also be
divided in fixed and flexible research design (Robinson, 1993). Other have
referred to this distinction with quantitative research designed and
qualitative research design.
Examples of fixed research design are:
Experimental design
Non – experimental design
Quasi – experiment
Examples of flexible research design:
Case study
Ethnographic study
Research methodology is a collective
term for the structured process of conducting research and the term is usually
considered include research design, data gathering and analysis. Research
methodology can be qualitative (for example asking people what they fell about
a certain situation) or quantitative (for example measuring the number of times
someone does something under certain condition). System approach is a problem
solving method which help to:
i.
Define the problem as clearly as
possible.
ii.
Analyze the problem and identify
alternative solution.
iii.
Selective from the alternative and
develop the most viable solution.
iv.
Evaluate the effectiveness and worth of
the solution
The top-down system approach is applied here where it is taken
from the beginning the middle and the end.
3.4
METHOD
OF DATA COLLECTION
The choice of method is influenced by
the data collection strategy, the types of variable, the accuracy required, the
collection point and the skill of the enumerator. Links between a variable, its
source and practical methods from its collection can help in choosing
appropriate methods. The methods of data collection used in this project are;
a.
Interviews
b.
Observation
c.
Background research
Gathering
information expanding on these, here are typically ways to collect information
for a news story includes:
·
INTERVIEW
METHOD
This method of data collection used
involves oral interviewing and responses from knowledgeable administrative
office holders on the process of how information gets across to the student
when using the existing system.
·
OBSERVATION
METHOD
This
method of data collection was gathered by one observing events and process of
how student get their information, l observed the long queue, times consuming
and congestion that computer science students do under go when information is
been posted on the notices broad and late arrival of some information of some
information due to the long process involves.
·
DOCUMENTATION
This
method of data collection involves:
i.
Searching the interest: General search
engines, academic search engines, web homepages, web articles, web journals,
web archives and email discussion groups.
ii.
Searching
the library
iii.
Electronic library catalogo. General
books scholarly books and journals, references books, periodicationals and
websites.
iv.
Reading personal papers.
FIELD
NAMES
|
DATA
TYPE
|
FIELD
SIZE
|
Usernames
|
Text
|
7
|
Password
|
Number
|
4
|
v.
Watching videos and television programs.
3.5
INPUT
AND OUTPUT SPECIFICATION
INPUT SPECIFICATION
Input are the signal or data
received by the system and outputs are the signal 7 data sent from it. E.g keyboard
or mouse maybe an input device for a
computer while monitors and printer are considered output devices for a
computer.
OUTPUT
SPECIFICATION
The output specification is the
list 7 record in the file, the report 7 new from the department, other websites
and access by student. For more details of the program see appendix for program
interface.
Users
Output Design
USER
ID
|
USERNAME
|
PASSWORD
|
1
|
Username
|
xxxx
|
2
|
Password
|
xxxx
|
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0 SYSTEM DESIGN
This is the process of designing
architecture components, modules, interfaces and data for a system to satisfy
specified requirement it provides technical specification and report with which
the problem can be trackled.
System design involve the analysis,
design, configuration of necessary hardware and software. Component to support
your solutions architecture the five (5) major component of system design
include; the information model, commanity model, security/permission model,
system integration, workflow and technical architecture.
4.1 FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION
Design of software is a creative task
which has its objectives as the implementation of a system creative benefits
and improvements superior to those archieve over named produces. A software
programmer/developer uses programming languages to develop his software and
write programs. I wrote my program with PHP and MYSQL as it database.
4.1.1 FUNCTION PERFORMED
Due to problem observed, a new software
will be designed to easy up the problem of manual recording of customer’s
transaction. Location of files and records files for better assessment and
management of customers records that will enable the system to be:
a.
Flexible:
The
system is designed to edit and correct in case of any error that is found in
the program.
b.
User
friendly: The program interface must be attractive and
friendly to users, so that they can operate on the program by adding and
removing.
c.
Easy
to use: The program must be easy to use by its users, that
is, making the program to be friendly as well.
The
following must be achieved;
i.
To access customers record without
making mistakes.
ii.
To be able to maintain every records and
transaction of the organization.
iii.
It should be able to avoid time wastage.
iv.
It should be able to secure information
of the customers and their business transaction.
4.1.2 SYSTEM DATA FLOW DIAGRAM(S)
4.2 FILES TO BE MAINTAINED
The entire file
include in the program should be maintained in order not to loss important
information. Microsoft visual basic has no database of its own but uses
Microsoft access database where information is stored for proper maintenance
and to prevent data accumulation and redundancy. Therefore, the Microsoft
access database file are to be maintained properly to avoid lost of
information.
4.3 EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENT
These phase of
the project explained the equipment required to maintain the new design system.
The equipment is too major which are the hardware and software.
4.4 NEW INPUT AND OUTPUT REQUIREMENT
The system requirements for this project
to be possible are:
i.
Hardware Requirement
ii.
Software requirement
Hardware Requirement
i.
Minimum of 256MB RAM
ii.
Minimum of 40GB of hard disk
iii.
A computer system
iv.
A phase (Android, Smartphone, blackberry
e.t.c)
v.
VGA color monitor
vi.
Keyboard
vii.
Mouse
viii.
Local Area Network
ix.
Uninterrupted power supply units (UPS)
and stabilizer
Software Requirement
This
component of the system represents the program written to make the hardware
component function
i.
Window XP
ii.
Window Vista
iii.
Window 7
iv.
Adebo dioam waver
v.
Microsoft SQL
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0 PROGRAM SPECIFICATION
The web site requires the following
tools to use when uploading to the remote server. A file transfer protocol
(FTP).
A fast internet connection.
To log on the website, user would need
internet facilitates whether on a smart phone, a tablet, a laptop or a computer
and a compatible browser, then enter the web address in the URL.
When the site is fully loaded to the
system, a navigator has bar containing links which are home, FAQ, apply and
contact. This navigator has will appear on all the pages so as to ease
navigator.
5.1 PROJECT MILESTONE
The project research work has been
carried out and computed. Some phases of development of the proposed system
prototype only. The research work has not been deployed for use in the case
study. Amongst the stages which the researcher work prototype has been carried
out and completed are:
i.
Detailed system analysis: The system
analysis of the research work has been carried out and completed for the
prototype only.
ii.
System design: The system design of the
research work prototype has been carried out and computed.
iii.
File design: The modules design of the
research work program prototype has been carried out and completed.
iv.
System test design: The system test of
the research work program prototype has been carried out and completed.
v.
Module design: The module design of the
research work program prototype has been carried out and completed.
vi.
Module coding: The module coding of the
research work has been carried out and completed.
vii.
System testing: The system testing of
the research work program prototype has been carried out and completed.
5.2 CODING AND TESTING
Coding is what makes it possible for us
to create computer software application and website your browser, your
operating system, the application on your phone, facebook, and the website they
are made with codes.
Coding is also known as computer
programming or program. Is the process of designing, writing, testing,
debugging and maintaining of the source code of computer programs. The purpose
of programming is to create a program
that exhibits a certain behavior using HTML.
Testing: Software testing also known as
testing can be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a
software program/application/product.
i.
Meets the requirements that guided it
design and development.
ii.
Can be implement with the same
characteristics.\
5.3 IMPLEMENTATION AND DISCUSSION
Implementation is a realization of
technical specification or algorithm as program, software component, or other
computer system through programming and development.
PROGRAM
LIFE CYCLE
i.
Project planning feasibility study:
Establishes a high-level view of the intended project and determines it goals.
ii.
System analysis requirement definition:
Defines projects goals into defined function and operation of the intended
application, analysis and user information needs.
iii.
System design: Describes desired
features and operations in detail, including screen layout, business rules,
process diagrams, pseudo code and other documentation.
iv.
Implementation: The real code is written
here.
v.
Integration and testing: Brings all the
pieces together into a special testing environment, then checks for errors,
bugs and interpretation.
vi.
Acceptance installation deployment: The
stage of initial development, where the software is put into production and
runs actual business.
vii.
Maintenance: What happen during the rest
of the software’s life, changes, correction, additions, mouse, to a different
computing platform and more.
The changeover the process whereby
the new system is taken to usage. Changeover is of type namely:
i.
Direct changeover: This is situation
whereby the old system is completely being replaced by the newly developed
system after it has proved effectiveness in its.
ii.
Parallel running: This is a situation
whereby both the old and newly developed system are used for data processing to
cross check the results. The new system workability id proved for at least one
system circle alongside the old system before all operation are being done with
the new system alone.
iii.
Pilot running: This is situation whereby data
obtained to see the effectiveness and workability and accuracy of the new
system. The project has adopted the parallel changes over due to it
accountability and accurate result process despite the fact that is the most
expensive changeover.
5.4 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
During the course of carrying out this
project, many problem arose are stated below:
1.
Power supply: The work was hindered due
to power failure due to unavailability of light.
2.
Unavailability of funds: There is no
enough money to carry out the project.
5.5 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY
The purpose of this study is to fully
understand the existing system and to identify the basic information
requirement and then discuss how the challenges of the system can be solved or
reduced. The study is also aimed as designing a website that will be more reliable, faster and
interactive to students.
RECOMMENDATION
In order to ever come the various
challenges of the conventetial news feed system in computer science department
enumerated earliest, it is recommended that:
1.
The use of online web news update
services for student be implemented.
2.
It is also recommend that computer
science department should adopt the newly developed system in order to enhance
the ease flow of information to student on time, because of the fact that the
internet provides a flexible and dynamic place to exchange information, and
having idea on how this new system operates any student in future can design an
online web news update for the entire school.
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