“Impact of Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) on Library Development, 2010 – 2017 (Institute of Water Resources Mando, Kaduna)

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

The Impact of Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND), on Library Resource of the Institute of Water Resources, Mando from 2010 -2017 is to ascertain how TETFUND support tertiary institution. From 1980’s and beyond, the decay of all tiers of education was monumental. Facilities had almost collapsed teachers and lecturer’s morale was at its lowest. Enabling environment for conducive teaching and learning was absent. The administration of President, Ibrahim Babangida being mindful of the reality of the situation took measures to arrest the rot.

Odekunleas cited in Clementina(2018), Education is widely accepted as a major instrument for promoting socio-economic, political andcultural development in Nigeria. Higher institutions educate future leaders and develop the high-level technical capacities that underpin economic growth and development.Essentially, much funding is needed to enable education effectively play this role. However, thisis usually emphasized albeit as mere rhetoric in every government and non-government forum on education (Ugwoke, 2013).

From the 1980’s and beyond, it was obvious that from Primary to Secondary and Tertiary levels, there was the urgent need for funding to improve educational facilities and infrastructure, restore morale of teachers and lecturers, and generally create an enabling environment for conducive teaching and learning for the 1990s and beyond. Traditionally, public funding of education is either directly in form of teachers’ salaries, instructional materials and general infrastructure or indirectly through subsidies to households in form of tax reductions, scholarships, loans andgrants. The main sources of fund had always been federal and state taxes, royalties and sale ofcrude oil, import and export duties and later since 1994 value added tax (Ugwoke, 2013).

In December 1990 the Federal Government constituted the commission on the Review of Higher Education in Nigeria (the Gray Long commission) to review the post independent Nigeria Higher Education after Lord Ashby’s commission of 1959.In January 1993, the Education Tax Act No7 of 1993 was promulgated alongside other education elected Decrees. This was a home grown solution to address issues of funding to rehabilitate decaying infrastructure, restore the lost glory of education and confidence in the system as well as consolidate the gains thereto; building capacity of teachers and lecturers (http…//tetfund.gov.ng, May 2011).

The Library in academic environment is set up to provide supplementary support to all level of public tertiary institution with the main objective of using funding alongside project management for the rehabilitation, restoration and consolidation of tertiary education in Nigeria (www.peopledailyng.com)

Merriam-Webster’s learners Dictionary (2016) define library asa place set apart to contain books, periodicals, and otherMaterials for reading, viewing, learning, study, orreference,as a room, set of rooms, or building where booksmay be read or Borrowed (www, hhrd.org/hhrdinfrastructure Dev.)

An academic library must be properly supported financially. Adequate funding should be considered a basic necessity for the effective development of academic libraries. Ubogu and Okiy (2011) emphasized that it is absolutely essential for an academic library to possess the resources that will enable it meet its goals; like well trained staff, current information system storage and retrieval, provision of ICT based services can only be appreciated if excellent services are rendered to users.

The National water resources institute started when the Hydrogeology Technical Commit generated a national awareness. A central institute was then established to manage water resources problem. Problems include salinity effects, flooding. The committee held its first meeting on the October, 1977. The National water resources institute located in Mando Kaduna. The institute plays a role in promoting training courses in water resources. The institute performs researches on water development issues and advises the minister on water resources management issues. (https://hotels.ng/places/governemnt-building/4656-national-water-resources-institute).

1.2 Statement of the Problem

In spite of the importance of the library over the years, a handful of criticisms have been leveled against the management of education system in Nigeria. The Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND) administrators and the ministry of education. TETFUND are mandated with the responsibilities, provided by section 5(1) to (9) of the Act No. 7 to administer and disburse certain amount of money to the federal and state tertiary institutions including library development, but this fund might not be utilized adequately.

Therefore this study have seen the necessity to meet the need of the uncertainty on the impact of Tertiary Education Trust Fund on library development in Institute of Water Resources from 2010-2017. Institute of Water Resources had its first allocation of TETFUND intervention on the 14^th of January 2011. It is against this backdrop that this project aims at examining the impact of TETFUND on library development with special attention of the institution and its significance for sustainable development. Education is the main instrument used by a society to preserve, maintain and upgrade its social equilibrium. A society’s future is believed to depend largely in the quality of its citizen’s education.

The education tax boards which are the administrators of the fund are faced with the problem of accountability and transparency which in the long run hinders effective assess of the beneficiary of TETFUND.

1.3 Research Questions

i) What factors attracted TETFUND agency in the development of library in the Institute of Water Resources, Mando?

ii) How have TETFUND made impact on library development in the institute library from 2012-2015?

iii) What are the problems the library faced in accessing TETFUND intervention on the development of library in the Institute of Water Resources, Mando?

iv) What are the strategies to remedy the problems?

1.4 Objectives of the Study

The general objective of this study is to determine the impact of TETFUND on library development in Institute of Water Resources. The specific objectives are to:

i. Identify the factors that attracted TETFUND on library development in the Institute of Water Resources, Mando.

ii. Identify the areas of TETFUND impact on library development in the Institute of Water Resources, Mando.

iii. Identify the problems faced in accessing TETFUND by the library.

iv. Determine possible strategies to the problem library face in accessing TETFUND intervention in the development of library in the Institute of Water Resources, Mando.

1.5 Significance of the Study

The need for effective use of information resources in the library gave rise to library development which is the most effective way of helping library users to be able to find latest information resources to satisfy their needs. This study on library development through allocation of fund by Tetfund will help the library patrons find their ways in the library with ease because it helps the library to provide updated information.

Tetfund will provide up to date information which helps the library to grow as a living organism according to one the Ranagathan Law which says library is a growing organism. Management will save cost through the impact of Tetfund to the library development. This project will be of immense benefit to all academic environments that includes Teachers, Student, Library and government agencies. This finding will enable Lecturers and Students to understand the factor that attracted TETFUND in the development of library. The findings of this study will completely help the administrators of education and the institution to understand specific functions of TETFUND and to discuss the problems, and for further improvement and policies.

The findings of this will benefit the government in ascertaining solution to the problem encountered to enable strategies that could improve services in ten prevailed libraries.Researchers will find the findings of this study as a source of information that will be of immense benefits. It may also help to extend the frontiers of knowledge and bridge the gap in the area of library development.

1.6 Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study will take place in the Institute of Water Resources Library, located at MandoKaduna Igabi government area of Kaduna state, Nigeria. The study will cover the factors that attracted TETFUND, areas of TETFUND impact, problem in accessing TETFUND, and strategies to remedy the problem.

1.7 Operational Definition of Terms

1. Development: This is defined as the process of growing more or causing something to grow or become larger or more advance.

2. Impact: This has been defined by the Merrian Webster dictionary as “a significant or major effect on something.

3. Library development: This is defined as the growth or directed change which provides leadership, grants and other assistance to libraries and literacy communities to improve services for all its users.

4. Library: It is as an institution, which is specifically established for the acquisition, processing, organization, preservation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information stored in books and other contemporary formats.

5. TETFUND: The meaning of “TETFUND” is Tertiary Education Trust Fund.

REFERENCES

Clementina, O. (2018). Impact of TetFund for library development in an Academic Library (A case study of Isa Kaita Library). A project submitted to Department of Library and Information Science, Kaduna Polytechnic(Unpublished work).

https://hotels.ng/places/governemnt-building/4656-national -water-resources-institute

Merriam-Websters Learners Dictionary (2016). Book Development Definition, Onlinewww,hhrd.org/hhrdinfrastructure Dev.

Tertiary Education in Nigeria (2015). Daily News Paper May 25^th, www.peopledailyng.com

Tertiary Education Trust Fund, Intervention (2011). www.tetfund.gov.ng

Ubog, J.O and Okiy R.B (2011). Sources of fund in Academic Libraries in Delta State, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice.

Ugwoke, R.O. (2013).Education tax law and administration in Nigeria .Wudpecker Journal ofPublic Administration 2013 Wudpecker Journals 1(2), pp. 028 - 036, November 2013.

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Introduction

This chapter examines existing literation that is relevant and directly related to the research topic. This chapter undergo the following sub-headings :

2.2 Conceptual framework

2.2.1 Concept of TETFUND

2.2.2 Concept of library development

2.2.3 Role of TETFUND intervention agency

2.3 Empirical Studies

2.3.1 Factors that attracted agencies in the development of library

2.3.2 Agencies impact in the development of libraries

2.3.3 Problem in accessing TETFUND AID in the development of library.

2.3.4 Strategies to Remedy the Problems Library Faced in Accessing Tetfund

2.4 Summary of the Review

2.2 Conceptual Framework

2.2.1 Concept of TETFUND

The Education Tax Fund having been established by Education Tax Act No. 7 of 1993 andamended by the Act No. 40 of (22nd Dec) 1998 imposed the 2% tax on all assessable profits of all companies registered in Nigeria. The collection of the tax fund however started in 1994. And the ascertainment was as specified in the companies Income Tax Act or the Petroleum Profits Act Tax as the case may be. This amendment brought about the establishment of Education Trust Fund as an intervention agency with project management to improve the quality of Education inNigeria (Tech., 2011).

The Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) is empowered by the Act to assess and collect Education Tax. The fund administers the tax imposed by the Act, anddisburses the amounts to educational institutions at federal, state and local government levels. It also monitors the projects executed with the funds allocated to beneficiaries. The mandate of the Fund as provided in Section 5(1) (a) to (g) of the Act No. 7 is to administer and disburse the amount in the Fund to Federal, State, and Local Government Educational Institutions, including primary and secondary schools, for any other matter ancillary thereto, but specifically to the following: Work centres and prototype development; Staff development and conference attendance; Library systems at the different levels of education; Research equipment procurement and maintenance; Higher Education Book Development Fund; By the year 2008, the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND) came into being (Uzondu, 2012).

This Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETfund) was established as an intervention agency under the TETfund Act – Tertiary Education Trust Fund (Establishment, ETC) Act, 2011. ThisAct repeals the Education Tax Act Cap E4 Laws of Federation of Nigeria 2004 and EducationTax Fund Act No. 17, 2003 and established the Tertiary Education Trust Fund – charged with the responsibility for imposing, managing and disbursing the tax to public tertiary institutions in Nigeria (TETfund News Panaroma, 2013). To enable the TETfund achieve the above objectives, TETfund Act 2011 imposes a 2 percent Education Tax on the assessable profits of all registered companies in Nigeria.

The vision of the TETfund is to be a world-class interventionist agency in Nigeria’s TertiaryEducation. Its mission is to provide focused and transformative intervention in public tertiary institutions in Nigeria through funding and effective project management. For the reason of efficient management and other reasons best known to the fund Board, they ruled out the inclusion of principal officers such as vice chancellors, rectors, provosts and their deputies, the directors of works, librarians etc as beneficiaries. For the ETF operations, assessment and collection as at 1994 – 1999, and the distribution formula, the Act approves a secretariat for the fund, headed by an Executive Secretary and assisted by other management and support staff, under the direct supervision of the Board of Trustees. It also provides for zonal offices all over Nigeria to liaise with beneficiaries in project identification, data collection and communication with education institutions. The zonal offices also liaise with the Federal Inland Revenue Service in the respective zones to ensure that there is close monitoring of the assessment and collection of Education Tax.

The actual fund is managed by the Board of Trustees which oversees the allocation of tax collected in any one year among the various tertiary, secondary and primary institutions as provided for in the Act setting up the fund. The Board of Trustees has resolved to expend in any one year only what was collected in the previous year (Ugwuanyi,2014).

The Education Tax Fund Act assigned the responsibility of assessment and collection of theeducation tax from respective companies to the Federal Inland Revenue Service. The Board at its inauguration inherited the balance of the N10.3 billion being the amount collected as at the end of December 1998 less the amounts disbursed by the previous Board. Within the first five year period after the inception of the ETF, there was a gradual decline in the amounts of assessment and collection of taxes but with the inauguration of the Board on 28th September 1999 and a management put in place, the trend was reversed and prospects improved upon. The Education Fund (according to Section 5(2) of the Act No. 7 of 1993) is to be distributed as follows:-

· Higher Education – 50% of the total tax collected in any one year.

· Primary Education – 40% of the total tax collected in any one year.

· Secondary Education – 10% of the total tax collected in any one year.

The distribution for tertiary education is to be shared as between universities, polytechnics andColleges of Education in the ratio of 2:1:1 OR 25%:12.5%:12.5%. The 1998 amendment changed the disbursement to 50% (Tertiary education); 30% (Primary education) and 20% (Secondary education). There are procedures, according to one of the publications of the ETF (of 26th April, 2001), that must be followed and the project cycle adopted by ETF shall be Jan-Dec i.e. 12 months in any particular year. For identification and prioritization, the beneficiaries are to identify very critical areas (in their various establishments) that need immediate interventions, which in most cases are many and depend on the age of the institutions). The projects would need to be prioritized (because of competing needs) by the beneficiaries in conjunction with the Departments of Operations of the ETF based on the available fund but in the specific areas of ETF mandate, such that the projects would have immediate and lasting impact on the program of the institutions(Ugwuanyi,2014).

Based on prioritization, the beneficiaries would submit their proposals to the Department ofOperations of the ETF for approval on behalf of the Board. The approval of such projects shall be set against predetermined cost limit, and on no account should projects already approved with cost limits be altered without the consent of the fund for timeliness, effectiveness, and to ensure easy supervision of the projects. The Department of Operations of the ETF will vet the submission from the beneficiaries, using the prevailing market rates and setting the cost limit for each project. And a letter of approval of projects setting the cost limits shall be released to the beneficiary together with the first tranche of the allocation to be determined by the Board from time to time.

Approval is followed by tender and award of the contract. When project is awarded, theimplementation involves the actual execution phase of the projects using the approved fund;disbursing the funds to the institutions in three (of 40%, 35% and 25%) or two (75% and 25%) installments depending on the types of projects being embarked upon. At the end, evaluation phase will analyze the impact of the projects – highlighting the gains or otherwise of the institution’s during and/or after the implementation. The Department of Operations would document the lesson learnt from the experience on the projects to be used to improve the performance of future projects of the Education Tax Fund. The final accounts of the projects must be clearly presented by the beneficiary where the as-built-in costs would be reflected (Ugwuanyi,2014).

Emphasis was placed on science and technology, due to the expensive nature of training within the country. The funding was increased to N60 million in 2009 and then to N80 million. In all, each university, federal and states on equality basis from 2008 to 2011 have received N240 million for staff training alone. “Virtually, all the capital projects seen in many of the state institutions certainly not all, are actually ETF funded. And there is no institution in this country, public tertiary institution, where there is no ETF projects (Rufai, 2012).

The agency has been attending to a growing number of institutions, as seen in geometric rise in the numbers of the institutions: from 37 universities in 1994, to the present funding of 73 universities, with new additions streaming in, 43 polytechnics in 1999 to 50 present polytechnics; and 60 colleges of education in early 2000 to 63 now, with Gombe and Bayelsa about to establish their colleges of education, hence by next year, there will be 65 colleges of education. Several other ancillaryfunding that the agency has undertaken include the Graduate Teachers Training Scheme, the Academic Publishing Scheme, The National Research Fund, the Almajiri Education Programme, the Textbooks Distribution Projects for primary and junior secondary schools which was recently flagged off by the President.

The provision of needed infrastructure for learning at the tertiary level represents one majormilestone in the achievement recorded by TETfund. The appointment of the boss of the agency to chair the NEEDS assessment committee visits to universities, no doubt contributed immensely to the resuscitation of dilapidating infrastructures in our higher institutions of learning. Today, TETfund had drawn the attention of government to the yearning needs of our universities, and the global ranking of our universities have as well improved (Rufai, 2012). Introduced by the TETfundin (2009) with the support of the government is what is also called “The Special High Impact Project,” where certain amount, N3 billion is given to a university and N1 billion to polytechnics and colleges of education on the equality of each of the six geopolitical zones to have one university and a polytechnic, or one university and a college of education.

2.2.2 Concept of Library Development

According to Chant (2015) assert that knowledge is vital for all round human development, and libraries that handle and manage it. Knowledge and library do not develop by heap and bounce. They are developed from one generation to another generation along with the development of society. Development is defined as the process of growing more or causing something to grow or become larger or more advance.

Library development is defined by Nevada state library (2014) as the growth that brings about leadership, grants and other assistance to libraries and literacy communities to improve services for all its users. The library also went further to explain library development as a program that supports general consulting for development of facilities; administers funds for improvement of services, write proposals and collaborates with local, state and federal agencies to develop and implement programs, collects, compiles and disseminates statistics, support training opportunities for local staff and trustees etc.

Furthermore Kumbergouder (2007) defined libraries to be not mere storehouse. They are rich springs of knowledge from where Knowledge flows to irrigate the wide fields of education and culture. Further, he formulated five laws of library science, which clearly points out the form, nature, purpose, service, idea and development of libraries. (Kumbergouder and Mestri 2007).

The Five Laws of Library Science are:

v Books are for use.

v Every reader his/her book.

v Every book its reader.

v Save the time of the reader.

v The library is a growing organism.

The development in libraries with information communication Technology (ICT) has revolutionized the information management activities in the academic libraries during the last few years developing the information society. The information society demands that all the relevant technologies that are involved in access to information, information collection, information processing, consolidation, repackaging and retrieval be merged so as to evolve an integrated system capable of providing diverse services,Chuwdhuny as cited in Clementina(2018).

2.2.3 Role of Agencies Intervention in Library Development

According to Saidu (2006), an agency may be established by either a national government or a state government within a federal system. The functions of an agency are normally executive in character. They are used to deliver new programs mandated by government and the use of agency improves efficiency in public services. The Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND) was established as an intervention agency under the Education Tax Act No. 7 of 1993. Tertiary Education Trust Fund Act, 2011 repeals the education tax fund cap E4, laws of the federation of Nigeria, 2004 and Education Trust Fund charged with the responsibility for managing, disbursing and monitoring the education tax to public tertiary institution in Nigeria. To enable TEFUND achieve the above objectives, TETFUND Act, 2011 imposes a 2 percent (2%) education tax on the assessable profit of all registered companies in Nigeria. The Federal Inland Revenue service (FIRS) is empowered by the act to assess and collect education tax. The fund administers the tax imposed by the Act and disburses the amount to tertiary educational institutions with the fund allocated to the beneficiaries. (www.tetfund.gov.ng. 2004).

The mandate of the fund as provided in section 7(1)(a) to (e) of the TETFUND Act, 2011 is to administer and disburse the amount of fund for federal and state tertiary educational institutional institutions. Specifically for the provision and maintenance of the following.

i. Essential physical infrastructure for teaching and learning

ii. Instructional material and equipment

iii. Research and publication

iv. Academic staff training and development

v. Any other need which in the opinion of the board of trustees, is critical and essential for the improvement of quality and maintenance of standards in the educational institutions (http…//tetfun.gov.ng, Saturday February 1, 2014).

From the above, it is clear that TETFUND cardinal objective to generate additional income to support tertiary education, provide sponsorship and grants for the needy but promising students. It is an attempt not only to strengthen and diversify the economic base of higher institutions in Nigeria but also redirecting their resources towards improving the productivity and quality of higher education. International Journal of Communication No 19 (TETFUND/UNN/NSUKKA/ARJ/1&2, 2017).

2.3 Empirical Related Studies

2.3.1 Factors that Attracted Agencies Intervention in Academic Institution

The librarian Registration Council of Nigeria (LRCN) has called on the National Information Technology Development Agency to work with local software developers in Nigeria to develop user-friendly mobile application for library services in the country. To us NITDA is a world class intervention Agency in the ICT sector. The council said technology has revolutionized the daily lives of individuals and library service should not be an exemption where service could be delivered to users and student on any smartphone or other internet enabled devices, which would make the library users stay connected to library services irrespective of the location. (htts://nitda.gov.ng)

TETFUND intervention in polytechnic can be easily be accessed by factors established by the Board of Trustees of the Fund in line with its enable Act.

v The institution must be a public Tertiary Institution, that is, Federal or State institute

v The Institution must be recognized by the relevant regulation body – NBTE as the case may be and evidence of this should be available both with the institution and the regulatory body for citing

v The institution must have been established by law via an Act of parliament or Edict of the State House of Assembly and signed into law by the President or State Governor, as the case may be.

v Academic activities that is, student Admission, teaching and learning must have commenced at the institution.

v The prospective institution shall formally apply to the fund to be enlisted as a beneficiary of the Fund.

v TETFUND shall visit to verify that academic activities have commenced and thereafter recommend to the Board of Trustees for enlistment as a beneficiary.

v Following approval by the Board of Trustees, the Institution shall be enlisted and formally notified. www.tetfund.gov.ng

In TETFUND interventions in the library, personnel information materials users and building environment are the intervention components that interact to make the system.

In recent times, a new component, information technology was added. This has revolutionized and changed information dissemination pattern. Personnel are the principal and most important resource. This intervention component coordinates the entire system to achieve organizational objectives.

TETFUND ensures that funds generated from education tax are properly utilized to improve the quality of education and development of library in Nigeria tertiary institutions. Generally TETFUND normal interventions in the tertiary institutions are in the following areas:

- Construction and rehabilitation of buildings and laboratories

- Procurement of teaching and research equipment

- Library development

- Capacity building and teacher training program

- Provision of ICT infrastructure … etc.

2.3.2 Impact of Agencies Intervention in the Development of Libraries

It is very important to commend TETFUND impact in her interventions especially in e-library service development as, mentioned by Ya’u (2008). Stress that digital libraries has the opportunity to address the scarcity of teaching and research materials in the libraries of institution of higher education in Nigeria,Agbedo (2015).

In the Guardian newspaper features article reported that TETFUND under the leadership of Prof. Bogoro was not only working but was bridging the gap between industry and classroom by funding and sustaining materials and infrastructure for teaching and learning.

Adeyonoye, (2011) also in his assessment of the impact of Nigerian’s Books Foundation (NBF) on the development of library collection in polytechnic in south-west Geographical zone of Nigeria, recognized the role and contribution from such donation and services by impacting positively on the development of library in beneficiary institution.

Library Staff Development

According to Rusobya (2012) said that “training and development described the formal ongoing effort that are made within organizations to improve the performance and self-fulfillment of their employees through a variety of educational methods and programs. In the modern workplace these effort have taken on a broad range of application for instruction in highly specific job skills to long-term professional development.

Similarly, Marsalis (2010) defined staff development as “developing an individual to his or her fullest potential, which involves a much deeper concern for overall career and personal development. It encompasses training and also seeks to provide added skills and knowledge which can carry the individual forward into a further grade or even beyond the organization into another career path”.

In the same vein Johnson (2008) “Training and development is a function of human resource management concerned with organizational activity aimed at bettering the performance of emphasized, that training and development is synonymous with “Human resource development” human capital development” and “learning and development.

According to Elaine (2006), staff development “encompass a range of activities designed to provide all levels and categories of library knowledge, skill and attitudes required for them to meet their current responsibilities so as to adopt future changes”. One of the changes the library is experiencing is the adoption of information technology. Staff development, through vigorous training and retraining, it is important today to meet the challenges of adopting the new information technologies.

Staff development as an integral part of human resource management, is specifically important in libraries of higher learning today in order to build a crop of librarian who are intellectually alert and amendable to change, capable of competing favorably with other academic staff of Nigeria institution of higher learning by Mbagwe and Nwachukwu (2010).

TETFUND has greatly contributed to library staff development in Kaduna Polytechnic by providing sponsorship and support for training and retraining of staff, conference and workshop attendance etc. All for purpose of impacting technical skills which is needed to accomplish specific tasks.

Book and Research Development in Libraries

Readingmaterials are necessary for successful development of literacy skill. Book development otherwise known as collection development is the process of meeting the information needs of the people (a service population) in a timely and economical manner using information resources locally, held as well as from other organization. (TETFUND/DESS/AMB/UNN/NSUKKA/VOL.1 of 6^th January 2016).

According to Fordham (2007) the term book development refers “to the process of systematically building library collections to serve study, teaching, research, recreation and other need of library users.

Research development on the other hand has a variety of meaning. Relevant to this study, Ifidon and Ifidon (2007) defined the term as man’s systematic and empirical investigation into existing but hidden elements in nature with the purpose of unearthing, restructuring and explaining such elements for the purpose of development.

TETFUND has contributed nobly to book and research development of libraries with special attention on Kaduna Polytechnic. it was disclosed that TETFUND have been of great assistance in the allocation of funds for books and research development, 60 percent (60%) of the fund been allocated to the library is used for book and research development; leaving us with a clear understanding that the intervention agency assists in book and research development (www.tetfund.gov.ng/guideline.fund)

Infrastructure Development

Tertiary Education Trust Fund is an intervention agency that aims at improving the quality of education provided by public tertiary institutions by providing necessary infrastructural facilities for the development and advancement of education.

Merriam-Webster’s learners’ Dictionary (2016) defined infrastructural development “as the process of improving on the basic equipment and structures that are needed for an organization or establishment to function properly. Infrastructural development involves fundamental structures that require for the functioning of a community and society. These usually refer to structures like electricity, buildings, telecommunication etc. (www.hhrd.org/hhrdinfrastructure.Dev).

According to News Letter Bulletin (2013) TETFUND has impacted on the infrastructure development of Kaduna Polytechnic library in numerous ways. The agency has provided the federal polytechnic library with fans and air conditioners in respective officers of the library and also reading rooms, this infrastructural equipment’s help make the library conducive for reading and carrying out research, it also provided the library with furniture’s and fittings which helps in beautifying the library. This furniture’s consist of the following; catalogue cabinet, book shelves, customized tables and chairs for computers and for reading rooms so as to enhance user’s privacy, the cabinet/shelves will help place books systematically and orderly for easy retrieval; this will in turn fulfill one of the laws of the library which is basically to save the time of the library users.

Finally, TETFUND provided the library with sound proof generators. This sound proof generator will help solve the problem of epileptic power supply which is a motor challenges that the library is faced with sustained with power to enable uninterrupted service to the library clienteles. (kadunapolytechnic.edu.ng).

Development of Information and Communication Technology Based and Services

The concept of information technology (IT) has been described in the library literature in different ways. Wilson as cited in Clementina(2018) defined IT that, “it is the means by which science is used in the collection, storage, processing and movement of information”. Womboh and Abba (2008) stated that ICT and IT (Information Technology) are similar terms that are used interchangeably. Waterville and Gilbert as cited in Clementina (2018) define ICT as the acquisition, analysis, manipulation, storage and distribution of information; and the design and provision of equipment and software for these purposes.

Other scholars see the term information and communication technology as a term that involves a lot of activities related to information handling and processing. For instance Isam and Islam (2006) considered ICT as “the use and application of computers, telecommunications and microelectronics in the acquisition, storage, retrieval transfer and dissemination of information”. According to Adesanya as cited in Clementina (2018), IT permits dissemination of information of greater value effectively and efficiently to the world at large through large number of media (wide variety of sources) e.g. computer databases, internet services, online information retrieval etc.

American Library Association (ALA) Glossary (2013) defines ICT as “the application of computers and other technologies to the acquisition, organization, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information” (Venkataramana and Chandraseklar, 2013).

The first and foremost ICT component is internet which can be adopted in the libraries is the computer for library automation and to have an in-house database of library holding in electronic form. As many primary journals are being published in CD-Form, it becomes necessary to equip the libraries to optimize the use of information.

TETFUND has impacted on the development of ICT based services in Kaduna Polytechnic Library. The agency helped the institution in the establishment of its virtual library and also fund is allocated to the institution by the agency, to be channeled to the ICT section of the library according to the Polytechnic management. News Letter Bulletin (2013).

2.3.3 Problems Institution Libraries faced inAccessing Tetfund

According to Abu (2012) head ofproject management at Tertiary Education Trust Fund stated the following as possible problem for the delay in accessing the funds:

i. Non-inscription or unacceptable inscriptions on completed library projects.

ii. Delay in submission of projects for reconciliation and approval by the institution involved.

iii. Non completion of on-going project, which would not allow access to the succeeding year’s allocation.

iv. Lack of comprehension of the scope and requirement for implementation of a project.

v. Insufficient documentation to substantiate the proposed project, e.g. lack of invoices.

2.3.4 Strategies to Remedy the Problems Library Faced inAccessing Tetfund

According to Leigh as cited in Clementina (2018). Solutions to the problem library face are as follows;

i. Only qualified/competent contractors/suppliers should be engaged when this is done the problem of delayed project completion and delayed access to funds would be solved.

ii. Only qualified/competent consultants should be engaged for projects. This would eliminate the problem of insufficient documentation and poor supervision of the projects. This is because without sufficient documentation and good quality work, TETFUND would not disburse approved allocation funds.

iii. There is the need to embark on long term plans of what is need to be done due to subsequent yearly allocations. This would minimize confusions and delays in the implementation of TETFUND approved allocation for the year ahead.

iv. Only qualified desk officers with the right knowledge should be appointed.

v. There is the need for comprehensive awareness of the requirements for accessing and utilization of TETFUND intervention funds. Critical officers in our institutions who have one role or the other to perform in the implementation process should always update their knowledge through workshops.

vi. Institutions should step up efforts at organizing workshops for academic staff members especially in the area of how to write good research proposals.

2.4 Summary of the Review

This chapter discussed the various studies related TETFUND in education and library development and conceptual framework. It deal with empirical studies under some sub-headings relating to the topic such as; Factors that attracted intervention agencies in the development of library such as Construction and rehabilitation of buildings and laboratories, Procurement of teaching and research equipment, Library development, Capacity building and teacher training program and Provision of ICT infrastructure etc. Also, the agencies impact in the development of libraries such as library staff, book and research development in libraries, infrastructure development and development of ICT based and services. Problem in accessing TETFUND AID in the development of library which include insufficient .documentation to substantiate the proposed project, lack of comprehension of the scope and requirement for implementation of a project etc. Finally, Strategies to Remedy the Problems Library Faced in Accessing Tetfund which include only qualified/competent contractors/suppliers should be engaged when this is done the problem of delayed project completion and delayed access to funds would be solved; only qualified/competent consultants should be engaged for projects. This would eliminate the problem of insufficient documentation and poor supervision of the projects, only qualified desk officers with the right knowledge should be appointed, there is the need for comprehensive awareness of the requirements for accessing and utilization of TETFUND intervention funds etc.

REFERENCES

Abu, A.M (2012). Project Management in TETFUND. Strategic Planning/Workshop for Benefitting Institutions, held at National University Commission Auditorium, TETFUND 1-5

Adesina, J. (2014). Education in Nigeria: Reflection and Global Perspective. https:/books.google.com.ng

Adeyonoye, K. (2011). An assessment of the impact of Nigeria Book Foundation of Library.

Agbedo, A. (2015). TETFUND is Restoring confidence in Nigeria Tertiary Institution. Feature/focus. The Guardian January 15.

Chant, I. (2015).The Art of Weeding. Library Journal, 140(11), 34-37. Fact Publishing, London (2003)

Elaine, Z. (2006).the long term view of Library Staff Development. College and Research Libraries News. 62(10): 612-614.

Fordham, A. E. (2007) University of South Carolina College of Library and Information Science Handbook: Collection Development Planning Process.

Ifidon, S.E and Ifidon, E.I (2007). Basic Principles of Research Methods Benin City: Goodnews Express Communications.

International Journal of Communication: A Publication of Faculty of Arts: No 19 (2017).

Johnson, G. (2008). Cited in Sales, Dickinson, Converse and Tannenbaum, p4.

Kumbargoudar, P.K and Mestri M. (2007). Modern Libraries Vs Digital Libraries: the Development of Libraries in India Herald of Library Science, 46(1-2), PP 21-29. http: //tetfund.gov.ng

Matseliso, M. (2010). “Human Resources Management in Southern African” Library Management, Vol 31 issue: 6.pp. 451-465.

Mbagwu, F. C. N. (2010). Staff Training and Development Enhancement of Job Performance: Vol 7, No2.Guideline for Accessing TETFUND Intervention Fund: (2017)

Merriam-websters Learners Dictionary (2016). Book Development Definition, Onlinewww,hhrd.org/hhrdinfrastructure Dev.

Nevada State Library (2014). Library Development Program Stewart Street, Carson City Nevada.

News Letter Bulletin, May (2013). Intervention, kadunapolytechnic.edu.ng

Rusobya, K. (2012). Training and Development Journal of International TETFUND development toward library development.

Tertiary Education Trust Fund (2001): www.tetfund.gov.ng

TETFUND Intervention in Academic Manuscripts/Book (AMB) Publication Development Disbursement of Fund (TETFUN/DESS/AMB/UNN/NSUKKA/ Vol 1 of 6^th January, 2016).

TETfund News Panaroma (2013). Tertiary Education Trust Fund.” February Edition, www.tetfund.gov.ng.

Ugwoke R.O. (2013).Education tax law and administration in Nigeria .Wudpecker Journal of Public Administration 2013 Wudpecker Journals 1(2), pp. 028 - 036, November 2013.

Ugwuanyi, G. O. (2014).Taxation and Tertiary Education Enhancement in Nigeria: An Evaluation of the Education Tax Fund (ETF) Between 1999-2010 Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. 5(6), 2014 www.iiste.orgTTT

Uzondu, J. (2012). Funding, Not Problem of Education in Nigeria. Prof Yakubu. Monday April 23, Leadership Forum Nigerian New World.

Venkayaramana, P and Chanddrasekhar, R. (2013) Impact of Information Technology on Library Operations and Services in: Satyanarayana, B (ed), Information Technology: Issue and Trends, New Delhi: Cosmo Publication,VOL 3; PP 184-193.

Womboh, B.S.H, and Abba, T. (2008).The State of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Nigeria University Libraries. The Experience of Ibrahim. Babangida Library, Federal University of Technology, Yola, Library Philosophy and Practice.

Ya’u, Z. (2003). Toward a virtual Library for Nigeria.

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter presents methods and procedure adopted for carrying out the research. The following aspects are discussed:

3.2 Research design

3.3 Area of the study

3.4 Population of the study

3.5 Sample and sampling techniques

3.6 Instrument for data collection

3.7 Validity of the instrument

3.8 Reliability of the instrument

3.9 Procedure for data collection

3.10 Procedure for data analysis

3.2 Research Design

The research design adopted for this study is descriptive survey. This method will deliberately be used because it will help the researcher to gather some factual information which will be used to solve the problems of the study,Osuala (2003).

Onodugo, Ugwonah and Ebine (2010) assert that a descriptive survey has the sole aim of examining the current opinion, behavior and other characteristics of a group of group. They further stresses that, it investigates into what currently exists in an area at the time of the research it natural form. Usually, it is with the data gathered that judgment and improvements about such a group can be realized.

3.3 Area of the Study

The area of the study was National Institute of Water resources, Mando Kaduna State, Nigeria.

3.4 Population of the Study

The population of the study includes all the professional library staff of the library comprising of ten (10) professional librarians. According to Busha (2003) population “is the aggregate of all elements defined prior to selection of the sample”.

3.5 Sample and Sampling Techniques

The population is small so there will be no sampling.

3.6 Instruments for Data Collection

The main research instrument used for the research is the questionnaire. The choice of this instrument was prompted by its reliability and validity of the answers (Bastol, 2014). The questionnaire instrument consists of section A,B,C,D and E. Sections Aexplains the personal data, section B the factors influences TETFUND, section C the impact, section D the problems and Section E the strategies to improve development of instrument that will be used to collect data is a crucial step in the research process.

3.7 Validity of the Instrument

The research instrument chosen for this study was designed to bring about valid responses from the respondents, it was carefully design by the researcher, submitted to experts in the department of Library and Information Science, including the supervisor, for constructive criticism. The method has insured the capability of eliciting the required information from the respondents.

3.8 Reliability of the Instrument

To obtain reliability for factual questions, the intended checks in the form of local test questions will be included. In line with this, a number of questions were built into the questionnaire and tested with 10 staff from another library in Isa Kaita Library, Kaduna Polytechnic. The instrument was reliable because it has been used over time and it has been proved effective.

3.9 Procedure for Data Collection

For the purpose of this study, data is collected from the questionnaire and oral interview. The questionnaires’ questions were drawn based on the research questions and purpose to avoid unnecessary ambiguous interest by allowing the respondents to give diverse answers. Yes or no option response was adopted and some attributes were attached to some questions in the questionnaire. A total number of ten (10) questionnaires will be produced and distributed to the professional staff in the library.

3.10 Procedure for Data Analysis

The quantitative data collected from questionnaires under the purpose of study will be in percentage (%) and will be tabulated. The quantitative data from personal observations by the researcher will also be presented in the final analysis in words using tables.

REFERENCES

Bastol, B.W (2014).Research in Education 4^th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.

Busha, C.H et al (2003). Research Method in Librarianship Techniques and Interpretations: Ney York: Academic Press P.62.

Olaitain Ali, Eyoh and Sowande (2000).The Essential of Research Methodology for Nigeria Educators. Ibadan: University Press Limited P.62.

Onodugo, V. A. (2010). Social science research; principles, method and application: Enugu: El “Demark publisher.

Osuola, B. (2003). Introduction to research methodology in social science. Ibadan: university of Ibadan Press.

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction

This chapter is concerned with the analysis of data collected from the analysis which consist of the administration of the questionnaires in National Institute of Water Resources,Mando. The questionnaire is divided into four sections. The first section presents personal data, the second part assistance rendered by TETFUND to the library, the third section discuss on how TETDUND help in development of library staff, while fourth sections present problems the library face in accessing fund and the strategies to remedy the problems.

4.2 Response Rate

Ten (10) questionnaires were administered on the population of staff in the library. 10 response rate was achieve which indicate a percentage of 100%.

4.3 Data Presentation and Analysis

The returned questionnaires were thoroughly examined and analyzed as shown in the following tables;

Table 4.3.1: Sex

Variables	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Male	7	70
Female	3	30
Total	10	100