THE PERCEPTION OF AIT KADUNA INDOMIE NOODLES ADVERTISEMENT ON THE RESIDENT OF UNGUWAN ROMI



THE PERCEPTION OF AIT KADUNA INDOMIE NOODLES ADVERTISEMENT ON THE RESIDENT OF UNGUWAN ROMI


ABSTRACT

This term paper is an attempt by the researcher to access the perception of AIT Kaduna Indomie Noodles advertisement on the resident of Unguwan Romi Kaduna State. One on one interview method was used to gather data from a total number of 25 persons which served as the sample of the population, the result shows that majority of the people like indomie noodles advertisement. It is also understood that television is the most medium of commonly used media among residents of Romi Kaduna State.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page............................................................................................................ i
Declaration.......................................................................................................... ii
Approval ........................................................................................................... iii
Dedication........................................................................................................... iv
Acknowledgement............................................................................................... v
Abstract.............................................................................................................. vi
Table of content.................................................................................................. vii

History  of television. 12
History  of television in Nigeria. 15
History  of Indomie Instant Noodles. 15


INTRODUCTION

Different people have different views of what advert means to them. Some say advert is a technique of influencing the mind of the public to buy the goods advertised. Some people also see advert as a bunch of lies because what is being advertised is not what it is in reality i.e adverts are exaggerated. While some people see advert as a way of exploiting the public, some also say it is an act of buying and selling. Others also say it means to attract and promote a product or service.

However, Asemah (2010) sees advertising as a planned communication that is paid for, identified  by a sponsor, directed at a target audience, through the various mass media like radio, television, billboards, newspapers and magazine with the aim of creating awareness about goods and services Asemah (2010).

Therefore advertisement is a persuasive form of communication that try to sell a product to an individual or corporate body. This is usually done over a medium e.g radio, newspapers, billboards, television e.t.c. in order to reach a wide and heterogeneous audience and t have a maximum effect.

Television has become one of the major medium used in advertising ever since it’s inception into the society. This is because of its ability to combine both sound and picture and transmit it into the homes of people.
AIT being one of the most  viewed public medium in Nigeria is in the fore front in advertising of goods, services, products of various kinds in order to generate income and create awareness. It is in line with this that this term paper work aims at looking at the perception of the individuals on indomie noodles advert on AIT Kaduna. The emphasis in this term paper work will be narrowed down to a particular  area (Unguwan Romi) where its believed that the viewership of AIT is high. Consequently, having a higher viewership of indomie noodle adverts as well.

DEFINATIONS OF ADVERTISEMENT

However, there have been different definition from scholars. According to the Canadian – US advertising pioneer John E. Kennedy (1928), an “advertisement is paid, non personal, public communication about goods and services, ideas, organizations, people and through means such as direct mail, telephone, print, radio, television and internet. It is an integral part of marketing, advertisement are public notice designed to inform and motivate. Kennedy (1928).

Similarly, Williams cited in Arens that advertising is a structured and composed non-personal communication usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, goods and services and ideas by identified sponsors through various media. Arens (1951).

In the same vein Bovee defines advertising as the non personal communication of information, usually paid for and persuasive in nature about products, services or ideas by identified sponsors  through various media. Bovee (1992).

Aliede in Okunna also defines advertising as a form of communication through the media about products, services, ideas, personalities or organizations paid for by an identified sponsor. Aliede (2002).

Advertising is the structured and composed non-personal communication of information, usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services and ideas by identified sponsors through various mass media Arens (1951).

The above definition is in line with that of Dominick which says that advertising is any form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and services usually paid for by an identified sponsor. Dominick (2007).

HISTORY OF ADVERTISEMENT

Although word of mouth the most basic (and still the most powerful) form of advertising has been around ever since humans started providing each other with goods and services, advertising as a discrete form is generally agreed to have begun alongside newspaper in the seventeenth century,. French man Teophraste Renandot (Louis XIII’s Official Physician) created a very early version of the supermarket
t notice board.

The first television advertisement was broadcast in the United States on July 1, 1941 (www.google.com) television advertisement in the US and in other countries involves two main task:
Creating a television advertisement that meets broadcast standards and
Placing the advertisement on television via a target airtime that reaches the desired audience.

FORMS OF ADVERTISEMENT

Advertisement is often times misconcepted with other forms of communication closely related to it like; marketing, publicity, public relations, personal selling, sales promotion, exhibition etc.

Sales promotion is a short term marketing activity aimed at increasing the sales of a product. It is a special category of communication tools and activities designed to supplement the basic elements of the marketing mix for a short period of time. Sales promotion is mainly directed at influencing stimulating customers or members of the distribution channels to some immediate overt behavior. Sales promotion is a marketing communication strategy that backs up product awareness effort with incentive offers that attract customers and stimulate purchase Ezekiel (2010).

The American marketing association describes sales promotion as those marketing activities rather than personal selling, advertisement and publicity that stimulate consumer purchasing and dealer effectiveness such as display shows and exhibitions, demonstration and ordinary routines. The main target of sales promotion and dealers, sales force and consumers. Ezekiel (2010).

Sales promotion is the marketing communication which consist of a short term incentives to encourage the purchase or sale a product. Kotler and Amstrony (2004).

Personal selling in one of the interpersonal communication tools in marketing. It is seen as the interpersonal communication process by which a seller ascertains and satisfies the need of a buyer to the mutual long term benefits of other parties. It is a kind of marketing strategy which brings the marketer and the buyer into the face to face contact and it is the ultimate one to one medium. Ezekiel (2010). This explains why Nwabueze says that personal selling is a contact marketing communication tool used by sales representatives to perpetrate a market, interact with customers, win and maintain a lasting relationship with them. Personal selling involves selling through a person to person communication process. Nwabueze (2006)

Personal selling is the interpersonal aim of marketing communication in which the sales force interact with customers and prospects to make sales and build a relationship. Kotler and Amstrony (2004)

Direct marketing is a system of marketing through which organizations communicate with target customers to generate a response or transaction. These responses may take the form of an enquiry, a purchase or even a vote. Uto (2008)
Direct marketing is the system of marketing in which the marketers builds and maintains its own data base on customers and prospects and uses a variety of media to communicate with them Arens and Bouce (1994)

Public relations is considered a two way communication between an organization and the audience article to its success. It is the management activity responsible for the creation of favorable attitudes among key audience. It is a management function primarily responsible for shaping and implementing policies of mediation among social, political and economic interests capable of influencing the growth and survival of an organizations basic franchise.

Public relations consists of all forms of planned communication – outwards and inwards, between an organizations and its publics for the purpose of achieving specific objectives concerning mutual understanding Jefkins (1978)

Public relations includes winning friends, keeping and influencing them. Through effective public relations, an organization will be able to win public acceptance Nwosu (1992)

The British institutes of public relations defines PR practice as the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish to establish mutual understanding between an organization and its publics. Asemah and Yaroson (2007).

Publicity is another public relations activities. It is all information that might be released to the media by organizations, institutions, establishment and government agencies. The public relation officer must make sure that such information is newsworthy. It simply means placing information in a news medium either broadcasting or print medium or specialized media like corporate magazines or news letter. Publicists do useful work disseminating information, but there are not public relations officers because they do not take part in certain organizational policies. Ezekiel (2010).

Marketing is a process of planning and executing the conception of producing, distribution and promotion of ideal goods and services to create exchange that satisfies the précised needs, wants and objectives of individuals and organizations. Arens (1951)

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MARKETING, PUBLIC RELATIONS AND ADVERTISEMENTS

MARKETING
1.              Marketing focuses on promoting and selling products and services.
2.              Marketing includes planning and implementation that is intended to bring buyers and sellers together.
3.              Marketing immediate goals is sales
4.              Another goal of marketing is profit
5.              To measure the success of marketing, you look at the number of sales and the revenue its generates Griffin (2009)

PUBLIC RELATIONS
1.                 Public relations is about making strategic relation ships.
2.                 Public relation is free. If you pay for coverage, then its not PR
3.                 Public relation helps an organization identify with their audience.
4.                 Public relation goals is to create mutually beneficial relations.
5.                 A positive image is extremely important to PR
6.                 The success of PR depends on public opinion. Griffin E (2009)

ADVERTISING
1.                 Advertising is paid media, such as bill board or advert space in a magazine or blog (sponsoring)
2.                 In advertising the company has total creative control of the message and where it is placed
3.                 Advertising is a persuasive message.  Griffin E (2009)

HISTORY OF DAAR COMMUNICATION PLC AIT

DAAR communication plc (AIT) is the foremost private independent broadcast outfit in Nigeria. The company was incorporated on 31st August, 1988 as a limited liability company with the objective of carrying on the business of broadcasting, printing, publishing, telecommunication and other allied multimedia services.
DAAR converted into a public liability company in April 23rd, 2007 and has both local and international broadcasts station and affiliate stations. It has a management team that consist of seasoned professional who are committed to advancing broadcasting in the most efficient manner.

On 15th December, 1993, the company launched the first private radio station in Nigeria with the establishment of ray power 100.5fm marked a new beginning in the history of broadcasting in the country.

DAAR communication plc ventured into commercial Television broadcasting on 6th December, 1996 with the establishment of African Independent Television (AIT). The country pioneered full time 24 hours broadcasting on radio and Television in the federal republic of Nigeria.

An additional FM radio channel, ray power 160 FM was officially commissioned on July 1, 1999. The radio and television station changed listeners and viewer’s perception of broadcasting in Nigeria and across the globe with strong programming accurate dissemination of information with quality entertainment.
On October 7, 2008. The company launched Nigeria’s first ever indigenously owned direct - to – home pay television plat form on high definition (HD) with the launch of DAARSAT.

VISION STATEMENT
The vision of the company is to rapidly promote the integration of the African continent with the rest of the world, encourage development in Africa through communication by bridging the yawning gap in the world’s information order which places Africa and other developing countries at the mercy of western perspective, opinions and nuances.

MISSION STATEMENT
The mission of the company is to enhance global understanding through perception of the world and its people using the latest technology in broadcasting, DAAR intends to be the mist authentic, in dependent and trust worthy voice of Africa and the black race, projecting Africans from holistic perspective, untainted, undulated and absolutely original.

OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
DAAR communication PLC has its corporate headquarters in Abuja Nigeria’s capital city its activities are guided by the constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria, companies and allied matters act, 1990, Nigeria broad casting code, the national broadcasting commission act No. 38 of 1992, APCON act 55 of 1988 as amended by act 93 of 1992, the national film and video censors board act No. 85 of 1993, the electoral guidelines on broadcast matters as contained in the electoral law of Nigeria, agency for the national food & drug administration and control act No 15 of 1993 (as amended), the national drug law enforcement agency act No 48 of 1989 (as amended), the Nigerian copy night act (on intellectual property rights), any other federal legislation/law relating to broadcasting, the wireless telegraph act cap 469 LFN 1990 (as amended by section 22 subsection 2 of the NBC ACT), the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Nigeria stock exchange (NSE) as well as the ethics of the journalism profession. It activities are also governed by industry regulations in other countries where it operates. Document retrieved from (AIT Kaduna 2013).

HISTORY OF TELEVISION
Unlike many other inventions throughout history, the history of the television credits many inventors working on the idea of watching pictures on a screen.

Inventors from all other the world had been working on transmitting pictures or objects into a screen since the 1830s.

Five men became the most popular and prestigious inventors of what we know today known as television, giving the history of television a rich beginning. A German inventor named Paul Nipkor invented the first electro mechanical television scanning system in the world, this rotating disk would rotate at a first pace, while light passed through the holes to create a picture on a screen.

John Baird became famous in the history of television when he invented the first pictures in motion that were televised in Europe in 1924. He later transmitted the human face into a screen and during World War II he invented the first colour picture tube.

While it would be sometime before colour television became a staple in America and other households his contribution to the history of television was enormous.

Charles Jenkins invented a mechanical television that he called “radiovision” which was said to have transmitted one of the first moving images in 1923. This American invention went to promote this theories in technology of the television along with other inventors when they transmitted the first live pictures onto a screen.

Valdimir Zworykin in the history of television is also famous for creating the first television station in North America Valdimir Zworykin invented the cathode ray tube which he named the kinescope and started a new era in the history of television. Before the kinescope television in the 1920s were mechanical cathode ray tube was not only needed for transmission, the device transformed the television into an electronic device.

Finally, an American farmer named Philo Fransworth made a breakthrough in the history of television, when he discovered a way to transmit images into a screen by the use of 60 horizontal lines, which made the picture clearer.
While the first milestone in the making of television more modern was nothing to do with television itself, but in one of its accessories, the video cassette recorder (VCR) now, people did not need to be actually watching their television sets when the programme they wanted to see came on. They could set up a video cassette recorder to record the show for playback later when it was more convenient for them.

The VCR also became a standard for watching Hollywood movies at home. This was the first nail in the coffin of Hollywood’s power, next came the DVD. This was an optical media that had VCRs could attain due to its digital nature. This milestone went people’s appetite for increasing picture quality and eventually led to HD television, one of the largest milestones since colour television. This brought the number of lines of resolution up from 525 to 1080, the difference was night and day.

The replacement of DVD with blue ray was another milestone in the history of television. Now the Hollywood movies we brought home could be viewed in the modern 1080p format. The latest milestone for television is 30. www.google.com



HISTORY OF TELEVISION IN NIGERIA
However, when the western Nigeria television service began transmission in Ibadan on October 31, 1959. Ibadan was only the capital of one of Nigeria’s three regions not the capital of the federation of Nigeria. At the constitutional conference to prepare Nigeria for independence, Awolowo demanded that broadcasting be classified as a subject on which both the federal governments and regional government can legislate. His proposal carried the day and Awolowo went to establish first, the Western Nigerian Broadcasting Service (WNBS) and the Western Nigerian Television Service (WNTS).

The Eastern Nigeria Government followed in 1960, with the launch in Enugu, the regional capital of the Eastern Niegrian Broadcasting Corporation (ENBC) and Northern Nigeria Government and the Federal Government two years later.

This was the beginning of television industry which today boasts more than 120 stations and cable channels operated by the federal and state government as well as private organizations and individuals. Esan (2012).

HISTORY OF INDOMIE INSTANT NOODLES
Over the past years in the Nigerian market, Dufil group has a remarkable impact on the Nigerian country landscape, their product, indomie instant noodles which appeals to several demographic groups and has become Nigerian’s number one noodles brand and children’s most favourite meal, it has grown to become a household name across the country.

The group which is a joint venture between Tolaran Group of Singapore and Salim group of Indonesia, currently has three factories. The first, De United Foods Industries limited which was commissioned in 1995 in Ota Ogun State, is  the first instant noodles manufacturing plant in Nigeria and the largest in Africa.

The second factory, Dafil Prima Foods Plc which was commissioned in 2001 is located in Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The third and most recent state of the art automation factory was commissioned in Kaduna on 29th of May 2012. www.google.com

There are different flavours of indomie noodles namely;
1.                 Children flavor
2.                 Onion flavor
3.                 Pepper soup
4.                 Jollof
5.                 Pepper chicken


HISTORY OF UNGUWAN ROMI

Unguwan Romi was created in the year 1972 on the 15th of March, at that time houses in Romi were only 15 and this was because the inhabitants were very few, they were mostly farmers and hunters.

As time went on and the village began to develop, the need for a leader who will settle disputes and rule over them was necessary, following this demand a leader was chosen following a vote of confidence by the people of the residence, Mr. Bala Fada was chosen and give the title of Mai Angwan (Ward head). Mr. Bala was the first leader of Unguwan Romi, he ruled over them as Mai Angwan for 10years from 1972 – 1982.

As time went on more people moved into Romi and more ward were created, Unguwan Sule, Ungwan Lusawa, Unguwan Tamma, Unguwan Bala e.t.c more ward heads were also appointed and Mr. Bala Fada was promoted to Dagachi (District Head) from 1982 – 2001.
When Bala  Fada died and a new Dagachi (District Head) was crowned by the name Mr. Joel Bala and more wards and wards heads were also created. In the year 2004 and 2005 a government school and government hospital was built respectively.
Unguwan Romi is located along Kachia road in the Southern part of Kaduna State. The people living in Romi are mostly Christians and are literates (they can read and write). Unguwan Romi has more than 25 wards and a new extension.

The people of Romi are specialized in different fields or professions we have Doctors, lawyers, Accountants, Bankers, Teachers, Journalists, Traders, retailers, Wholesalers and Farmers e.t..c

The people of Unguwan Romi are presently enjoying different social amenities by the government, they have electricity, pipeborne water through community borne holes and taps, over 35 government and private primary and secondary schools and over one million buildings (houses, shops, schools, hospitals, filling stations) and over one million and one hundred inhabitants. (Dagachi Fada Bala).


GENERAL DISCUSSION ON THE TOPIC

Indomie instant noodles was initially consumed by children but as time goes on it became consumed by both adults and children. Its major characteristics are its easy way of preparation and quick way of preparation.

There are different advertisement on indomie instant noodles in different forms ranging from children singing, eating and dancing, mothers cooking e.t.c. indomie adverts often use family setting with children and mothers. They send messages to the audience that indomie is for the family and every individuals this adverts take at least 30 seconds to one minutes. The adverts come up during programmes, after programmes after the news and before, the news, as the case may be.

Indomie has better and more adverts than other noodles, because it is the first noodles to emerge in the country which has made the name “indomie” so popular had even other completing products are called “indomie”. Other noodles include; O! noodles, Cherie noodles, Golden penny noodles, Tummy noodles, Honey well noodles e.t.c. some of this noodles disappeared in the market due to one reason or the other.

Over the years indomie instant noodles has maintained a particular taste due to high patronage it has been produced in different flavours and sizes, chicken flavour, pepper chicken flavor, onion flavor, indomie jollof, pepper soup flavor and the “normal size” a large size called “superpack” and a larger one called “Hungry man size” respectively.

Most adverts are usually exaggerated and indomie noodles is not an exception for example. A boy in the field playing ball could get captivated by the aroma of indomie cooking at home or a woman looking indomie in her house and the neighbourhood is captivated by the aroma of indomie, this is not possible in reality, you could be preparing indomie in your house and your next door neigbour does not even know. In indomie noodles advertisement the disadvantage are often not mentioned, the emphasis is always on the advantages of the products, the aim of every advertisement is promotion and persuasion, so that the product can be patronized, the advertisement try to make the audience known only its good sides.


QUESTION

1.                 Do you watch television?
2.                 Do you watch AIT Kaduna indomie instant noodles advertisement?
3.                 Do you like the advertisements?
4.                 Do you at indomie because of the advertisement?
5.                 Which flavor of indomie do you prefer?
6.                 Should the standards of the adverts be improved?
7.                 Does the adverts speak on what is reality?
8.                 Do you think the adverts is playing an important role to indomie eaters?
9.                 What other noodles do you know?
10.            Do you patronize them over indomie instance noodles?
11.            Why?
12.            Do you think there should be more indomie adverts?
13.            What advise do you have for the advertisers?

DATA ANALYSIS

A total number of 25 persons were interviewed from Unguwan Romi being the case study and it is upon this number that analysis is going to be made and conclusions and recommendations drawn as regards the topic “Perception of AIT Kaduna indomie noodles advertisement among the residents of Unguwan Romi.

The data presented and analyzed below are result of information sought and acquired on the research carried out on the topic. The one to one interview is the most commonly interview where only the interviewer and interviewee is present. The format of the interview is conversational with the interviewer saving the agenda in the beginning and the interviewee asking questions towards the end.

According to www.ask.com, a one on one interview is basically an interview or meeting between two people, one of whom ask the question while the other answers. The one to one interview is a conversations with an opinion.

Advantages of one on one interview are:
·                    People tend to share a lot more information when someone ask the question in person
·                    Its much easier to ask a follow up questions and get examples to support what people are saying
·                    It gives people an opportunity to participate in a more direct way and they have a greater result of assessment process

Disadvantages
·                    They are time consuming, the interview can be a full time in itself.
·                    Sometimes people use them as an opportunity to vent about everything that is wrong with an organization, putting the interviewer on the defensive and leaving he/she to sift through their remark for construction criticisms.

In question one a total number of 25 persons were asked if they watch television, majority of them answered in affirmative. Consequently, television is the most used medium in the community of information, this is because television has the ability to send messages via pictures and sounds.

When asked if they watch indomie noodles advertisement on AIT Kaduna majority of them answered in affirmative, this is because most people in Unguwan Romi prefer AIT Kaduna to other stations, indomie adverts are mostly showed on AIT Kaduna than other stations.

When asked if they like the advertisements, majority answered in affirmative, this is because indomie noodles advertisements are always very exciting and creative and fun to watch, they always have new ideas they want to show to their audience.

When asked if they eat indomie noodles because of the advertisement, majority answered in affirmative while a few believe indomie noodles is very tasty, the people of Unguwan Romi eat indomie because it is very tasty and not because of the advertisement.
When asked which flavor of indomie they prefer majority of the people of Unguwan Romi said they prefer chicken flavor, a few said they prefer onions flavor while some said they prefer indomie jollof flavor. Consequently, indomie chicken flavor is the most widely sold and the most popular flavor among others, chicken flavor has a very nice taste while onions flavor is also very nice, but as the name implies it has onions flavor in it and it is not everyone that likes onions. For indomie jollof, it was once in the market, but later disappeared.

When asked if the standard of the advertisement be improved? Majority said yes and their reason was that as time went on and with the improvement of technology the adverts are to be improved on as the need arises while the few who believe said that the adverts are okey and should be maintained and keep up their standard. Advertisements is a way of making something known, especially in order to persuade people to buy it. As time goes on changes arises, so therefore, indomie advertisements could or should be improved on if the need arises.

When asked if the advertisements speak on what is in reality majority answered in agreement while few answered in disagreement. Majority said what indomie adverts try to communicate to their audience is that indomie is fast to prepare and tasty. While few said indomie adverts only talk on the good sides of indomie and fail to show the negative side of it like the health effects. Just  like other advertisements indomie adverts want to persuade people to buy their products so they do not talk on the bad sides of it.

When the people of Unguwan Romi were asked if the advertisement plays an important role to indomie consumers majority answered for while a few answered against. Majority said when most people eat indomie is because of the advertisements, the advert tries to show audience how to prepare and the necessary ingredients to use while few said indomie noodles advertisement does not play any role to the eaters or consumers because most people at indomie because of the taste and because it is easy to prepare.

When  asked which other noodles do they know of? Majority said Cheri noodles, few said Tummy-Tummy noodles some said Dangote noodles, some said Golden penny noodles while others said only Indomie noodles. Indomie noodles is a brand, the people of Unguwan Romi refer to all other noodles as Indomie, whenever they want to buy any other noodles the refer to it as indomie.

When asked if they patronize other noodles over indomie noodles, minority answered in affirmative while majority said no. indomie noodles is the first noodles to be introduced in Nigeria and indomie noodles has maintained a great taste through out the year and has different flavours and sizes. Majority said they patronize only indomie noodles because of its taste and quality and because it has different sizes and flavours, it is the best. While the few who do not patronize indomie noodles said it is because indomie noodles is expensive and other noodles were cheaper.

When asked their advice for the advertisers, majority said adverts should be improved on if necessary, others said they should keep up their standard, some said they should use more kids, some said they should add more ingredients like dried carrots and onions while others said they should reduce the price, and also indomie instant noodles advertisement should have a particular time and should be showed regularly.



CONCLUSION

The perception of AIT Kaduna indomie noodle advertisements among the residents of Ungwan Romi is that they like the advertisement and the standard of the advertisement, the advert plays an important role on indomie consumers.

The advert also speaks on what is in reality because the advertisements try to send a message to the audience that indomie is easy to prepare and very quick to prepare also. The advertisement is incredibly advantageous to the resident of Ungwan Romi and the society at large. It simply must be remembered that indomie noodle is a brand and without the basic existence, of/and need for advertisement and communicating to with people, the brand may not be known.

Many respondents during the data presentation agree that indomie advertisements are very exiting and interesting, it also play a role to the consumers they also speak of what is in reality, unlike other advertisement that people do not speak on what is reality, indomie noodle does speak on what is in reality, according to the research conducted in Unguwan Romi.



RECOMMENDATIONS

Drawing upon the findings and discoveries of the perception of AIT Kaduna indomie noodles advertisement on the residents of Unguwan Romi, the following recommendations are suggested:
The advertisers of indomie noodles should keep up with the standard of their advertisements, and if need arises for improvement, they should improve and add more advertisement because if people get use to the same advertisement they may easily get bored.

The producers of indomie noodles should also produce more flavours and should add ingredients like dried carrots and dried onions.

The advertisers of indomie noodles should also have a particular time they show the advertisements and it should be showed regularly.

The advertisers should also have a variety of adverts in different forms thus, they should use children and use adults in different advertisements.

The producers of indomie should also reduce the price of indomie is possible.
The advertisers should keep up with the standard of chicken flavor, it is obvious that people prefer chicken flavor to other flavours.


REFERENCES

Asemah, (2010) Introduction to Public Relations and Advertising: Juta and Company Ltd. Pg 79 – 90.

Arrens, W. (2004) Contemporary Advertising: New York: Mc Graw Hill Company. Pg 80 – 101.

Bovee, Courtland L. & Arens, William,  F. (1989): Contemporary Advertising Illinois. Pg 204 – 303.

Dennis Mcquail (2001) Mass Communication Theory: (6th Edition) Classroom
Companies: Prentice Hall: USA. Pg 99 – 102.

Lauko S. (2007) Advertising and Public Relations in Nigeria.

Jonson Klaus B & Nicholas W. Jankowski (1991): “Hand book Qualitative Methodologies for Mass Communication Research” London: Routledge. Pg 24 – 70.

Daramola Ifedayo (1997); “Mass Communication: Theory and Practice” Akure.
          Miral Printing Press. Pg 63 - 68

Kotwal .N. Gupta, N. And Devi .A. (2008a, 2008b), “ Impact of television advertisement on buying pattern of Adolescent Girls”, Journal of social science. 16(1), 51-55.


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