CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Feed formulation is an applied field of nutrition where nutritionists apply their knowledge to produce balanced diets in which many pieces of information are incorporated to maximize the efficiency of the formulation process (Rasheed, 2016). Ration can be defined as the total amount of feed given to the animals on daily basis while ration formulation is the process by which different feed ingredients are combined in a proportion necessary to provide the animal with proper amount of nutrients needed at a particular stage of production (Afolayan, 2008). Ration formulation help to enhance adaptation of local feed stuff in compounding rations, thus, two basic concepts are put into consideration when formulating feed, the specific nutrient requirement of different animals and ingredients and cost of the feed itself. Nutrients are chemical substances found in food materials (feeds) which are required for the growth, maintenance, production and health of animal...

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants being an effective source of both traditional and modern medicines are genuinely useful for primary health care WHO 1978 has advocated traditional medicine as safe remedies for ailment for both microbial and non-microbial origin. It was further added that the use of plant extract are phytochemicals with anti-microbial properties may be of importance in therapeutic treatment,whereas in the past few years,a number of studies have been conducted in different countries to prove such efficiencies( Salihu and Garba 2008). It is therefore pertinent to investigate such plants thoroughly to determine their pharmacological properties as well as the efficiency of their various parts of anti-microbial activities (Elliot, 1998). In Nigeria calotropisprocera is either used alone or with herbs to common diseases such as fever,rheumatism indigestion, cold, eczema and diarrhea. In addition, preparations from the latex with honey are used as antibodies and a...