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Production of Cookies from Tiger Nut

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Cookies (soft type biscuits) are widely consumed in many developing countries. They are usually affordable and consumed by all age groups. In many parts of Sub-Sahara Africa and most especially Nigeria, advancing prosperity and urbanization coupled with tremendous increase in population in recent years have led to increase in the consumption of wheat-based products especially biscuits and bread (Belewu et al., 2006). Cookies are baked flour confectionery dried down to low moisture content (Pareyt et al., 2008). Cookies contain many of the same ingredients as cakes except that they have a lower proportion of liquid with a higher proportion of sugar and fat to flour (Mastud et al., 2018). They are high in sugar content and some contain up to 37.5% sugar. Calories in cookies come from basic ingredient such as refined flour, sugar, baking powder, salt and butter or oil used in the cooking process (Conforti, 2006; Chan, 2006). Tige...
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the role of technology in enhancing tourist experience including virtual tours and travel application

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study The World Tourism Organisation (WTO), the United Nations agency in charge of tourism operations, defines tourism as "a social, cultural, and economic phenomenon involving people's movement to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional reasons. “Tourists or excursionists; residents or non-residents are referred to as visitors, and tourism refers to their activities, some of which entails tourism outgoings" (United Nations World Tourism Organization, 2008). Tourism is a dynamic and rapidly evolving industry that plays a significant role in economic development, cultural exchange, and environmental conservation worldwide. In recent years, the landscape of tourism has been transformed by advancements in technology, leading to innovative approaches in how destinations attract, engage, and retain visitors. The integration of technology into various facets of the tourism experie...
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Location: Kaduna 800283, Kaduna, Nigeria
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the impact of Invicta FM 98.9 Radio Program “Perspective” on the residents of Ungwan romi community.

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Radio as a mass communication medium is the most accessible and the most popular channel of communication, this is because its broadcast stories ranges from drama, entertainment to news and education, advertising and political communication. This command a wide range of listeners with its audiences stated even in remotest part of the world. Radio is the most accessible and wide reaching medium because of some advantages the medium posses such as portability, affordability and because it is relatively inexpensive compared to others like television and print media. Radio has emerged as the easiest to operate and the most effective sources of disseminating information of any kind in developing countries Sola, (2002). Also radio over the years has been the most popular medium of communication that reaches all the corners of the society, including the rural areas, this makes radio to enjoy certain advantage over other communication media. Almost every househo...
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Location: Kaduna 800283, Kaduna, Nigeria
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the design and production of a school bag using tortoise inspired design

CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study Fashion, which is largely associated with clothing and dress designs, it does not come all alone, but is always associated with certain accessories, which are also covered under fashion design. Such accessories, though small in size and do not take much space, but are fundamental elements of fashion design in terms of enhancing the overall look and giving a complete look to a person. Interestingly, clothing and accessories, which are equally important because they together create balance and give an attractive and unique identity to an individual. Bruce H., (2007). Fashion design focuses on apparel and custom ornamentation depending on culturally and socially accepted standards within a particular period. In contrast to costume design, fashion design creates seasonal products and follows several basic concepts. Bruce H., (2007). The concept of style in fashion design varies from designer to designer. Popular fashion designers are o...
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Location: Kaduna 800283, Kaduna, Nigeria
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EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF CASCADED BUTTERWORTH FILTER

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION A filter is a network designed to pass signals at certain frequencies, and to reject signals at all other frequencies. Ideally, a filter would introduce zero attenuation to selected frequencies, known as the pass band and completely block all others (the stop band). Since a filter has to be frequency sensitive, it must employ frequency dependent components such as inductors or capacitors or usually a combination of both. There are four basic types of filter namely: Low-pass, High-pass, Band-pass and Band-stop. In addition, a filter circuit may be classified as being either passive or active. A passive filter is one which contains only a combination of resistors, inductors and capacitors but no power source within it. An active filter consists of a combination of these components interconnected with an operational amplifier (op-amp). The latter would include its own power supply source, independent of the signal to be filtered (Robertson, 1993). Filter pl...
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Location: Kaduna 800283, Kaduna, Nigeria
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QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF HONEY EXTRACTED USING TRADITIONAL METHODS FROM SOME HONEY BEARING COMMUNITIES OF KADUNA STATE

QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF HONEY EXTRACTED USING TRADITIONAL METHODS FROM SOME HONEY BEARING COMMUNITIES OF KADUNA STATE ABSTRACT Twelve commercial honey samples obtained using five different traditional methods of honey extraction, from some honey bearing communities of Kaduna State Nigeria, were analysed using laboratory analytical procedures and ANOVA statistical tool to determine the effects of traditional methods of honey extraction on the products quality parameters. The parameters determined alongside their range for the honey samples, included moisture content (15.50 – 22.00%), ash content (0.50 – 0.85%), pH (3.44 – 4.16), total acidity (0.12 – 0.37%), reducing sugar (50.08 – 54.20%), sucrose (26.61 – 28.80%), density (1322.35 – 1382.16g/L) and water insoluble content (1.30 – 1.70%) were obtained. For the microbiological characteristics; total bacteria plate count (1.7 x 102 – 9.8 x 103 cfu/g), total coliform count (1.3 x 102 – 7.7 x 103 cfu/g) mould count (2.0 x 101 – 1.5 x 103 c...
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Location: Kaduna 800283, Kaduna, Nigeria
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the role of school inspection on teacher performance in selected secondary schools in Kaduna south

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction In this chapter, the underlisted topic shall be discussed Background of the study Statement of the problem Objective of the study Significance of the study Research Question Scope/delimitation of the study Definition of terms 1.1 Background of the Study Inspection is an activity that has been existing as a part of formal education in Nigeria, inspection has held on to its aims and purposes since its inception till now despite the development that has affected education over time. Dubey et al (1979), observed a growing demand for schools in Nigeria and suggested that a control of education could be effectively done by regular inspection and supervision and this has led to the wide inspection network we have today in our country and Kaduna state respectively. There is no school that can be accredited and officially recognized without inspection, inspection provides a medium for testing, measuring, assessing and evaluating the educational capacity and ...
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Location: Kaduna 800283, Kaduna, Nigeria
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